SEO
HTTP Status Codes: The Complete List
HTTP status codes are server responses to client (typically browser) requests. The status codes are found in the server response. They include a three-digit number and usually have a description of the status. Specifications and their functionality are defined by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
The status codes are how your client and a server communicate with each other. You can view any page’s HTTP status codes for free using Ahrefs’ SEO Toolbar by clicking the toolbar icon.
You can also click and expand this to see the full header response, which helps with troubleshooting many technical issues.
There are five ranges for the codes:
Keep reading to learn what the status codes mean and how Google handles them.
1xx status codes indicate the server has received the request and the processing will continue.
100 Continue – Everything is OK right now. Keep going.
101 Switching Protocols – There is a message, such as an upgrade request, that’s changing things to a different protocol.
102 Processing – Things are happening but are not done yet.
103 Early Hints – Lets you preload resources, which can help improve Largest Contentful Paint for Core Web Vitals.
2xx status codes mean that a client request has been received, understood, and accepted.
200 OK – All good. Everything is successful.
201 Created – Similar to 200, but the measure of success is that a new resource has been created.
202 Accepted – A request has been accepted for processing, but it hasn’t been completed yet. It may not have even started yet.
203 Non-Authoritative Information – Something has changed after it was sent from the server to you.
204 No Content – The request has been sent, but there’s no content in the body.
205 Reset Content – Resets the document to the original state, e.g., clearing a form.
206 Partial Content – Only some of the content has been sent.
207 Multi-Status – There are more response codes that could be 2xx, 3xx, 4xx, or 5xx.
208 Already Reported – The client tells the server the same resource was mentioned earlier.
218 This is fine – Unofficial use by Apache.
226 IM Used – This allows the server to send changes (diffs) of resources to clients.
How Google handles 2xx
Most 2xxs will allow pages to be indexed. However, 204s will be treated as soft 404s and won’t be indexed.
Soft 404s may also be URLs where the server says it is successful (200), but the content of the page says it doesn’t exist. The code should have been a 404, but the server says everything is fine when it isn’t. This can also happen on pages with little or no content.
You can find these soft 404 errors in the Coverage report in Google Search Console.
3xx status codes indicate the client still needs to do something before the request can be successful.
300 Multiple Choices – There’s more than one possible response, and you may have to choose one of them.
301 Moved Permanently – The old resource now redirects to the new resource.
302 Found – The old resource now redirects to the new resource temporarily.
302 Moved Temporarily – The old resource now redirects to the new resource temporarily.
303 See Other – This is another redirect that indicates the resource may be found somewhere else.
304 Not Modified – Says the page hasn’t been modified. Typically used for caching.
305 Use Proxy – The requested resource is only available if you use a proxy.
306 Switch Proxy – Your next requests should use the proxy specified. This code is no longer used.
307 Temporary Redirect – Has the same functionality as a 302 redirect, except you can’t switch between POST and GET.
307 HSTS Policy – Forces the client to use HTTPS when making requests instead of HTTP.
308 Permanent Redirect – Has the same functionality as a 301 redirect, except you can’t switch between POST and GET.
How Google handles 3xx
301s and 302s are canonicalization signals. They pass PageRank and help determine which URL is shown in Google’s index. A 301 consolidates forward to the new URL, and a 302 consolidates backward to the old URL. If a 302 is left in place long enough or if the URL it’s redirected to already exists, a 302 may be treated as a 301 and consolidated forward instead.
302s may also be used for redirecting users to language or country/language-specific homepages, but the same logic shouldn’t be used for deeper pages.
303s have an undefined treatment from Google. They may be treated as 301 or 302, depending on how they function.
A 307 has two different cases. In cases where it’s a temporary redirect, it will be treated the same as a 302 and attempt to consolidate backward. When web servers require clients to only use HTTPS connections (HSTS policy), Google won’t see the 307 because it’s cached in the browser. The initial hit (without cache) will have a server response code that’s likely a 301 or a 302. But your browser will show you a 307 for subsequent requests.
308s are treated the same as 301s and consolidate forward.
Google will follow up to 10 hops in a redirect chain. It typically follows five hops in one session and resumes where it left off in the next session. After this, signals may not consolidate to the redirected pages.
You can find these redirect chains in Ahrefs’ Site Audit or our free Ahrefs Webmaster Tools (AWT).
4xx status codes mean the client has an error. The error is usually explained in the response.
400 Bad Request – Something with the client request is wrong. It’s possibly malformed, invalid, or too large. And now the server can’t understand the request.
401 Unauthorized – The client hasn’t identified or verified itself when needed.
402 Payment Required – This doesn’t have an official use, and it’s reserved for the future for some kind of digital payment system. Some merchants use this for their own reasons, e.g., Shopify uses this when a store hasn’t paid its fees, and Stripe uses this for potentially fraudulent payments.
403 Forbidden – The client is known but doesn’t have access rights.
404 Not Found – The requested resource isn’t found.
405 Method Not Allowed – The request method used isn’t supported, e.g., a form needs to use POST but uses GET instead.
406 Not Acceptable – The accept header requested by the client can’t be fulfilled by the server.
407 Proxy Authentication Required – The authentication needs to be done via proxy.
408 Request Timeout – The server has timed out or decided to close the connection.
409 Conflict – The request conflicts with the state of the server.
410 Gone – Similar to a 404 where the request isn’t found, but this also says it won’t be available again.
411 Length Required – The request doesn’t contain a content-length field when it is required.
412 Precondition Failed – The client puts a condition on the request that the server doesn’t meet.
413 Payload Too Large – The request is larger than what the server allows.
414 URI Too Long – The URI requested is longer than the server allows.
415 Unsupported Media Type – The format requested isn’t supported by the server.
416 Range Not Satisfiable – The client asks for a portion of the file that can’t be supplied by the server, e.g., it asks for a part of the file beyond where the file actually ends.
417 Expectation Failed – The expectation indicated in the “Expect” request header can’t be met by the server.
418 I’m a Teapot – Happens when you try to brew coffee in a teapot. This started as an April Fool’s joke in 1998 but is actually standardized. With everything being smart devices these days, this could potentially be used.
419 Page Expired – Unofficial use by Laravel Framework.
420 Method Failure – Unofficial use by Spring Framework.
420 Enhance Your Calm – Unofficial use by Twitter.
421 Misdirected Request – The server that a request was sent to can’t respond to it.
422 Unprocessable Entity – There are semantic errors in the request.
423 Locked – The requested resource is locked.
424 Failed Dependency – This failure happens because it needs another request that also failed.
425 Too Early – The server is unwilling to process the request at this time because the request is likely to come again later.
426 Upgrade Required – The server refuses the request until the client uses a newer protocol. What needs to be upgraded is indicated in the “Upgrade” header.
428 Precondition Required – The server requires the request to be conditional.
429 Too Many Requests – This is a form of rate-limiting to protect the server because the client sent too many requests to the server too fast.
430 Request Header Fields Too Large – Unofficial use by Shopify.
431 Request Header Fields Too Large – The server won’t process the request because the header fields are too large.
440 Login Time-out – Unofficial use by IIS.
444 No Response – Unofficial use by nginx.
449 Retry With – Unofficial use by IIS.
450 Blocked by Windows Parental Controls – Unofficial use by Microsoft.
451 Unavailable For Legal Reasons – This is blocked for some kind of legal reason. You’ll see it sometimes with country-level blocks, e.g., blocked news or videos, due to privacy or licensing. You may see it for DMCA takedowns. The code itself is a reference to the novel Fahrenheit 451.
451 Redirect – Unofficial use by IIS.
460 – Unofficial use by AWS Elastic Load Balancer.
463 – Unofficial use by AWS Elastic Load Balancer.
494 Request header too large – Unofficial use by nginx.
495 SSL Certificate Error – Unofficial use by nginx.
496 SSL Certificate Required – Unofficial use by nginx.
497 HTTP Request Sent to HTTPS Port – Unofficial use by nginx.
498 Invalid Token – Unofficial use by Esri.
499 Client Closed Request – Unofficial use by nginx.
499 Token Required – Unofficial use by Esri.
How Google handles 4xx
4xxs will cause pages to drop from the index.
404s and 410s have a similar treatment. Both drop pages from the index, but 410s are slightly faster. In practical applications, they’re roughly the same.
421s are used by Google to opt out of crawling with HTTP/2.
429s are a little special because they are generally treated as server errors and will cause Google to slow down crawling. But eventually, Google will drop these pages from the index as well.
You can find 4xx errors in Site Audit or our free Ahrefs Webmaster Tools.
Another thing you may want to check is if any of these 404 pages have links to them. If the links point to a 404 page, they don’t count for your website. More than likely, you just need to 301 redirect each of these pages to a relevant page.
Here’s how to find those opportunities:
- Paste your domain into Site Explorer (also accessible for free in AWT)
- Go to the Best by links report
- Add a “404 not found” HTTP response filter
I usually sort this by “Referring domains.”
5xx status codes mean the server has an error, and it knows it can’t carry out the request. The response will contain a reason for the error.
500 Internal Server Error – The server encounters some kind of issue and doesn’t have a better or more specific error code.
501 Not Implemented – The request method isn’t supported by the server.
502 Bad Gateway – The server was in the middle of a request and used for routing. But it has received a bad response from the server it was routing to.
503 Service Unavailable – The server is overloaded or down for maintenance and can’t handle the request right now. It will probably be back up soon.
504 Gateway Timeout – The server was in the middle of a request and used for routing. But it has not received a timely response from the server it was routing to.
505 HTTP Version Not Supported – This is exactly what it says: The HTTP protocol version in the request isn’t supported by the server.
506 Variant Also Negotiates – Allows the client to get the best variant of a resource when the server has multiple variants.
507 Insufficient Storage – The server can’t store what it needs to store to complete the request.
508 Loop Detected – The server found an infinite loop when trying to process the request.
509 Bandwidth Limit Exceeded – Unofficial use by Apache and cPanel.
510 Not Extended – More extensions to the request are required before the server will fulfill it.
511 Network Authentication Required – The client needs authentication before the server allows network access.
520 Web Server Returned an Unknown Error – Unofficial use by Cloudflare.
521 Web Server is Down – Unofficial use by Cloudflare.
522 Connection Timed Out – Unofficial use by Cloudflare.
523 Origin is Unreachable – Unofficial use by Cloudflare.
524 A Timeout Occurred – Unofficial use by Cloudflare.
525 SSL Handshake Failed – Unofficial use by Cloudflare.
526 Invalid SSL Certificate – Unofficial use by Cloudflare.
527 Railgun Error – Unofficial use by Cloudflare.
529 Site is overloaded – Unofficial use by Qualys.
530 – Unofficial use by Cloudflare.
530 Site is frozen – Unofficial use by Pantheon.
561 Unauthorized – Unofficial use by AWS Elastic Load Balancer.
598 (Informal convention) Network read timeout error – Unofficial use by some HTTP proxies.
How Google handles 5xx
5xx errors will slow down crawling. Eventually, the pages will be dropped from Google’s index. You can find these in Site Audit or Ahrefs Webmaster Tools, but they may be different from the 5xxs that Google sees. Since these are server errors, they may not always be present.
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SEO
How To Write ChatGPT Prompts To Get The Best Results
ChatGPT is a game changer in the field of SEO. This powerful language model can generate human-like content, making it an invaluable tool for SEO professionals.
However, the prompts you provide largely determine the quality of the output.
To unlock the full potential of ChatGPT and create content that resonates with your audience and search engines, writing effective prompts is crucial.
In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore the art of writing prompts for ChatGPT, covering everything from basic techniques to advanced strategies for layering prompts and generating high-quality, SEO-friendly content.
Writing Prompts For ChatGPT
What Is A ChatGPT Prompt?
A ChatGPT prompt is an instruction or discussion topic a user provides for the ChatGPT AI model to respond to.
The prompt can be a question, statement, or any other stimulus to spark creativity, reflection, or engagement.
Users can use the prompt to generate ideas, share their thoughts, or start a conversation.
ChatGPT prompts are designed to be open-ended and can be customized based on the user’s preferences and interests.
How To Write Prompts For ChatGPT
Start by giving ChatGPT a writing prompt, such as, “Write a short story about a person who discovers they have a superpower.”
ChatGPT will then generate a response based on your prompt. Depending on the prompt’s complexity and the level of detail you requested, the answer may be a few sentences or several paragraphs long.
Use the ChatGPT-generated response as a starting point for your writing. You can take the ideas and concepts presented in the answer and expand upon them, adding your own unique spin to the story.
If you want to generate additional ideas, try asking ChatGPT follow-up questions related to your original prompt.
For example, you could ask, “What challenges might the person face in exploring their newfound superpower?” Or, “How might the person’s relationships with others be affected by their superpower?”
Remember that ChatGPT’s answers are generated by artificial intelligence and may not always be perfect or exactly what you want.
However, they can still be a great source of inspiration and help you start writing.
Must-Have GPTs Assistant
I recommend installing the WebBrowser Assistant created by the OpenAI Team. This tool allows you to add relevant Bing results to your ChatGPT prompts.
This assistant adds the first web results to your ChatGPT prompts for more accurate and up-to-date conversations.
It is very easy to install in only two clicks. (Click on Start Chat.)
For example, if I ask, “Who is Vincent Terrasi?,” ChatGPT has no answer.
With WebBrower Assistant, the assistant creates a new prompt with the first Bing results, and now ChatGPT knows who Vincent Terrasi is.
Screenshot from ChatGPT, March 2023You can test other GPT assistants available in the GPTs search engine if you want to use Google results.
Master Reverse Prompt Engineering
ChatGPT can be an excellent tool for reverse engineering prompts because it generates natural and engaging responses to any given input.
By analyzing the prompts generated by ChatGPT, it is possible to gain insight into the model’s underlying thought processes and decision-making strategies.
One key benefit of using ChatGPT to reverse engineer prompts is that the model is highly transparent in its decision-making.
This means that the reasoning and logic behind each response can be traced, making it easier to understand how the model arrives at its conclusions.
Once you’ve done this a few times for different types of content, you’ll gain insight into crafting more effective prompts.
Prepare Your ChatGPT For Generating Prompts
First, activate the reverse prompt engineering.
- Type the following prompt: “Enable Reverse Prompt Engineering? By Reverse Prompt Engineering I mean creating a prompt from a given text.”
Screenshot from ChatGPT, March 2023ChatGPT is now ready to generate your prompt. You can test the product description in a new chatbot session and evaluate the generated prompt.
- Type: “Create a very technical reverse prompt engineering template for a product description about iPhone 11.”
Screenshot from ChatGPT, March 2023The result is amazing. You can test with a full text that you want to reproduce. Here is an example of a prompt for selling a Kindle on Amazon.
- Type: “Reverse Prompt engineer the following {product), capture the writing style and the length of the text :
product =”
Screenshot from ChatGPT, March 2023I tested it on an SEJ blog post. Enjoy the analysis – it is excellent.
- Type: “Reverse Prompt engineer the following {text}, capture the tone and writing style of the {text} to include in the prompt :
text = all text coming from https://www.searchenginejournal.com/google-bard-training-data/478941/”
Screenshot from ChatGPT, March 2023But be careful not to use ChatGPT to generate your texts. It is just a personal assistant.
Go Deeper
Prompts and examples for SEO:
- Keyword research and content ideas prompt: “Provide a list of 20 long-tail keyword ideas related to ‘local SEO strategies’ along with brief content topic descriptions for each keyword.”
- Optimizing content for featured snippets prompt: “Write a 40-50 word paragraph optimized for the query ‘what is the featured snippet in Google search’ that could potentially earn the featured snippet.”
- Creating meta descriptions prompt: “Draft a compelling meta description for the following blog post title: ’10 Technical SEO Factors You Can’t Ignore in 2024′.”
Important Considerations:
- Always Fact-Check: While ChatGPT can be a helpful tool, it’s crucial to remember that it may generate inaccurate or fabricated information. Always verify any facts, statistics, or quotes generated by ChatGPT before incorporating them into your content.
- Maintain Control and Creativity: Use ChatGPT as a tool to assist your writing, not replace it. Don’t rely on it to do your thinking or create content from scratch. Your unique perspective and creativity are essential for producing high-quality, engaging content.
- Iteration is Key: Refine and revise the outputs generated by ChatGPT to ensure they align with your voice, style, and intended message.
Additional Prompts for Rewording and SEO:
– Rewrite this sentence to be more concise and impactful.
– Suggest alternative phrasing for this section to improve clarity.
– Identify opportunities to incorporate relevant internal and external links.
– Analyze the keyword density and suggest improvements for better SEO.
Remember, while ChatGPT can be a valuable tool, it’s essential to use it responsibly and maintain control over your content creation process.
Experiment And Refine Your Prompting Techniques
Writing effective prompts for ChatGPT is an essential skill for any SEO professional who wants to harness the power of AI-generated content.
Hopefully, the insights and examples shared in this article can inspire you and help guide you to crafting stronger prompts that yield high-quality content.
Remember to experiment with layering prompts, iterating on the output, and continually refining your prompting techniques.
This will help you stay ahead of the curve in the ever-changing world of SEO.
More resources:
Featured Image: Tapati Rinchumrus/Shutterstock
SEO
Measuring Content Impact Across The Customer Journey
Understanding the impact of your content at every touchpoint of the customer journey is essential – but that’s easier said than done. From attracting potential leads to nurturing them into loyal customers, there are many touchpoints to look into.
So how do you identify and take advantage of these opportunities for growth?
Watch this on-demand webinar and learn a comprehensive approach for measuring the value of your content initiatives, so you can optimize resource allocation for maximum impact.
You’ll learn:
- Fresh methods for measuring your content’s impact.
- Fascinating insights using first-touch attribution, and how it differs from the usual last-touch perspective.
- Ways to persuade decision-makers to invest in more content by showcasing its value convincingly.
With Bill Franklin and Oliver Tani of DAC Group, we unravel the nuances of attribution modeling, emphasizing the significance of layering first-touch and last-touch attribution within your measurement strategy.
Check out these insights to help you craft compelling content tailored to each stage, using an approach rooted in first-hand experience to ensure your content resonates.
Whether you’re a seasoned marketer or new to content measurement, this webinar promises valuable insights and actionable tactics to elevate your SEO game and optimize your content initiatives for success.
View the slides below or check out the full webinar for all the details.
SEO
How to Find and Use Competitor Keywords
Competitor keywords are the keywords your rivals rank for in Google’s search results. They may rank organically or pay for Google Ads to rank in the paid results.
Knowing your competitors’ keywords is the easiest form of keyword research. If your competitors rank for or target particular keywords, it might be worth it for you to target them, too.
There is no way to see your competitors’ keywords without a tool like Ahrefs, which has a database of keywords and the sites that rank for them. As far as we know, Ahrefs has the biggest database of these keywords.
How to find all the keywords your competitor ranks for
- Go to Ahrefs’ Site Explorer
- Enter your competitor’s domain
- Go to the Organic keywords report
The report is sorted by traffic to show you the keywords sending your competitor the most visits. For example, Mailchimp gets most of its organic traffic from the keyword “mailchimp.”
Since you’re unlikely to rank for your competitor’s brand, you might want to exclude branded keywords from the report. You can do this by adding a Keyword > Doesn’t contain filter. In this example, we’ll filter out keywords containing “mailchimp” or any potential misspellings:
If you’re a new brand competing with one that’s established, you might also want to look for popular low-difficulty keywords. You can do this by setting the Volume filter to a minimum of 500 and the KD filter to a maximum of 10.
How to find keywords your competitor ranks for, but you don’t
- Go to Competitive Analysis
- Enter your domain in the This target doesn’t rank for section
- Enter your competitor’s domain in the But these competitors do section
Hit “Show keyword opportunities,” and you’ll see all the keywords your competitor ranks for, but you don’t.
You can also add a Volume and KD filter to find popular, low-difficulty keywords in this report.
How to find keywords multiple competitors rank for, but you don’t
- Go to Competitive Analysis
- Enter your domain in the This target doesn’t rank for section
- Enter the domains of multiple competitors in the But these competitors do section
You’ll see all the keywords that at least one of these competitors ranks for, but you don’t.
You can also narrow the list down to keywords that all competitors rank for. Click on the Competitors’ positions filter and choose All 3 competitors:
- Go to Ahrefs’ Site Explorer
- Enter your competitor’s domain
- Go to the Paid keywords report
This report shows you the keywords your competitors are targeting via Google Ads.
Since your competitor is paying for traffic from these keywords, it may indicate that they’re profitable for them—and could be for you, too.
You know what keywords your competitors are ranking for or bidding on. But what do you do with them? There are basically three options.
1. Create pages to target these keywords
You can only rank for keywords if you have content about them. So, the most straightforward thing you can do for competitors’ keywords you want to rank for is to create pages to target them.
However, before you do this, it’s worth clustering your competitor’s keywords by Parent Topic. This will group keywords that mean the same or similar things so you can target them all with one page.
Here’s how to do that:
- Export your competitor’s keywords, either from the Organic Keywords or Content Gap report
- Paste them into Keywords Explorer
- Click the “Clusters by Parent Topic” tab
For example, MailChimp ranks for keywords like “what is digital marketing” and “digital marketing definition.” These and many others get clustered under the Parent Topic of “digital marketing” because people searching for them are all looking for the same thing: a definition of digital marketing. You only need to create one page to potentially rank for all these keywords.
2. Optimize existing content by filling subtopics
You don’t always need to create new content to rank for competitors’ keywords. Sometimes, you can optimize the content you already have to rank for them.
How do you know which keywords you can do this for? Try this:
- Export your competitor’s keywords
- Paste them into Keywords Explorer
- Click the “Clusters by Parent Topic” tab
- Look for Parent Topics you already have content about
For example, if we analyze our competitor, we can see that seven keywords they rank for fall under the Parent Topic of “press release template.”
If we search our site, we see that we already have a page about this topic.
If we click the caret and check the keywords in the cluster, we see keywords like “press release example” and “press release format.”
To rank for the keywords in the cluster, we can probably optimize the page we already have by adding sections about the subtopics of “press release examples” and “press release format.”
3. Target these keywords with Google Ads
Paid keywords are the simplest—look through the report and see if there are any relevant keywords you might want to target, too.
For example, Mailchimp is bidding for the keyword “how to create a newsletter.”
If you’re ConvertKit, you may also want to target this keyword since it’s relevant.
If you decide to target the same keyword via Google Ads, you can hover over the magnifying glass to see the ads your competitor is using.
You can also see the landing page your competitor directs ad traffic to under the URL column.
Learn more
Check out more tutorials on how to do competitor keyword analysis:
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