SEO
Everything You Need to Know
Knowing how a marketing funnel works can help you diagnose problems and improve your marketing strategy.
In this guide, I’ll show you everything you need to know about marketing funnels.
Let’s get started.
A marketing funnel is a visual representation of the stages a customer goes through, from first knowing about your brand to becoming a customer.
The traditional marketing funnel looks like this and is based on the AIDA model. It was first developed in 1898 by E. St. Elmo Lewis, an advertising advocate.
- Awareness – When a prospect becomes aware of your brand, product, or service.
- Interest – When the prospect expresses interest in your product or service.
- Desire – When the prospect evaluates your product or service. This stage is also known as Consideration.
- Action – When the prospect becomes a customer.
Some marketers further simplify the marketing funnel into a three-stage model:
- Top of the funnel (TOFU) – Awareness.
- Middle of the funnel (MOFU) – Interest and Desire.
- Bottom of the funnel (BOFU) – Action.
Some marketers have found the existing model to be incomplete because it focuses solely on converting a prospect into a customer. Repeat customers that advocate for your brand are important too. So they added two more stages to the funnel:
- Loyalty – The customer repeatedly buys from you.
- Advocacy – The customer recommends your brand to other people.
Let’s take a closer look at each stage of the funnel.
1. Awareness
The Awareness stage is when potential customers first learn about your brand.
This can happen in a variety of ways:
- They see one of your ads on Instagram.
- They search for something on Google and find your website or content.
- They watch one of your videos on YouTube.
- They chance upon your TikTok.
Whichever it is, they now know you exist. The next time they see your brand again, they’ll remember you.
2. Interest
The Interest stage is when potential customers begin to express interest in your brand:
- They realize they have a problem, and you have a possible solution.
- They simply want to learn more about your brand and what you do.
- Your content intrigues and/or entertains them, and they want more of it.
Typically, they’ll indicate this interest by:
- Following you on social media (Twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn, and/or TikTok).
- Signing up for your email list.
- Following your podcast on their favorite platform (Spotify, Apple Podcasts, etc.).
- Subscribing to your YouTube channel.
- Registering for a webinar.
They can do one or all of these actions. The more of these actions they do, the more interested they are in your brand.
3. Desire/Consideration
The Desire stage—or more commonly known today as Consideration—is when the prospect begins to evaluate your product or service.
Just because they know what you do and how you can help them doesn’t mean you’re their final choice. They will evaluate alternatives, read reviews, talk to friends and family, and compare.
4. Action
The Action stage is the most straightforward. You are the chosen one. They’ve decided to buy from you and use your solution.
While the funnel is intended to be a representation of a customer’s journey, it doesn’t work like that in the real world. When it comes to buying things, people don’t follow the funnel so linearly.
Just think about your own behavior. Do you really progress through these stages in such a straightforward way? Likely not.
Some people go straight to the Action stage if there is a catalyst event.
Some people bounce around stages for a few months (or even years) before they hit the Action stage. Some people bounce around the stages and never progress any further. The list goes on.
So the way to use the marketing funnel in reality is to use it as a mental model to tweak your marketing. In short, you’ll want to make sure you’re doing some marketing activities or creating content for each stage, so you’re targeting different people at different parts of the buyer’s journey.
If you’re not, fill in the gaps.
1. Awareness
Your goal at this stage is to “open up the funnel,” i.e., introduce your brand to as many relevant people as possible.
Here are some tactics to do that:
Implement a search-focused content marketing strategy
Your prospects are almost certainly searching for information related to your brand on Google. So you’ll want your website visible in the search results.
The beauty of search engine optimization (SEO) is that you can use it for any stage of the marketing funnel.
In the Awareness stage, you’ll want to create content targeting keywords loosely related to your product or service.
For example, Ahrefs is an all-in-one SEO toolset. Naturally, we’ll create content around SEO-related topics. But in order to widen the funnel, we also target keywords around broad topics like digital marketing and marketing.
No matter which stage of the marketing funnel you create content for, you’ll have to do keyword research.
Keyword research is the process of discovering valuable search queries that your target customers type into search engines like Google to look for products, services, and information.
You can do this by entering a few relevant keywords into a tool like Ahrefs’ Keywords Explorer and then going to the Matching terms report.
Here, you’ll see more than 4 million related keywords. That’s too many, so we’ll add a few filters to narrow the list down:
- Keyword Difficulty (KD) to a maximum of 40 to find “easier to rank for” keywords.
- Traffic Potential (TP) to a minimum of 500 to find topics with search traffic potential.
From here, you’ll want to go through the list to find keywords that are relevant to your site.
Recommended reading: Keyword Research: The Beginner’s Guide by Ahrefs
Tap into other people’s audiences
Some people in your industry have built a large audience of loyal readers, listeners, and viewers. You can leverage that and expose your brand to an entirely new group of people.
For example, our chief marketing officer, Tim Soulo, appears on podcasts frequently:
Podcast appearances aren’t the only way. You can appear on a webinar, present at a conference, write a guest post, or co-create content (like what my colleague, Michal Pecánek, did):
Curate a list of people you’d like to work with in your industry. Then reach out to them and see if they are willing to work with you. Show them what’s in it for them, and your chances of success will skyrocket.
Recommended reading: Influencer Marketing: Definition, Examples, and Tactics
Ads
Whether it’s mass media advertising like TV ads or digital advertising mediums like Instagram, hundreds and thousands of brands have been built using ads.
It’s one of the most tried and tested tactics for building brand awareness.
If you have the budget, it’s a great way to generate eyeballs for your brand.
Recommended reading: 9 Tactics to Increase Brand Awareness (Tried & Tested)
2. Interest
At this stage, your goal is twofold:
- You want to get them to sign up for your email list.
- You want to retain this interest and nurture them to the next stage.
The most obvious step here is to continue to create content that engages your prospects. No matter whether it’s your TikTok account or a YouTube channel, your content is likely the reason why they followed you.
So that’s how you’ll keep their interest. Beyond that, here’s what you can do:
Get them to sign up for your email list
A prospect can indicate their interest in your brand in various ways. But they’re not made equal. There is a hierarchy of value for each platform:
Email is the highest value “interest indication” you can get. It’s explicit permission from the prospect into their inbox, a sacred space where they conduct their most important work.
You’ll want to make sure as many of them are signing up for your email list. Put up call to actions that remind them to subscribe. For example, on Ahrefs’ blog, we have a floating box beside every blog post.
We also have a dedicated landing page for our newsletter:
While we don’t do it, you can offer incentives to encourage sign-ups. Here’s an example from Intercom:
Even as you’re building a following on other channels, make sure to regularly remind them to sign up for your email list:
Create a welcome sequence that introduces your brand
As they sign up to your email list, you’ll want to further engage them by introducing your brand, products, services, or content to them.
You can do this by creating a welcome email sequence. This can be one email or “several emails” long. For example, someone signing up for our newsletter will receive a welcome email introducing our best blog content:
Besides introducing your best content, you can also:
- Teach them something related to your product – For example, you can teach them the proper way to do tennis footwork.
- Announce something about your product – For example, you launched a new pair of tennis shoes.
- Show the value of your product – For example, perhaps your tennis shoes were invented specifically to prevent common injuries like a sprained ankle.
- Tell a larger story of why you’re doing something – For example, perhaps you were an aspiring pro tennis player, but you broke your ankle and derailed your career. So now you want to help others prevent that issue.
- Answer common questions or objections – For example, how much your shoes cost, what material they’re made of, whether they’re cruelty-free/vegan/sustainable, and so on.
The choice is yours.
3. Consideration
In this stage, your goal is to convince them you’re the right product for the job.
Here are some tactics to consider:
Get more reviews
There are likely plenty of review-type platforms in your niche. For example, G2 is a popular one in the software world.
If you’re a local business, don’t forget that there are always Google reviews:
You’ll want to get more reviews on these platforms. More reviews—especially high ratings—can be influential in a prospect’s decision-making.
There’s no way around it, though: The best way to get more high-quality reviews is to deliver an amazing experience for your existing customers.
However, even highly satisfied customers may not remember to leave reviews, so you’ll also want to ask for one when the opportunity arises. This can be when they express satisfaction (online or offline) or when they’ve used/experienced your product or service (e.g., travel websites like Airbnb and TripAdvisor tend to ask for reviews when you’ve finished your stay or tour).
Finally, you’ll want to respond to these reviews. Whether they’re good or bad reviews, this study suggests that replying to them results in better ratings overall.
My colleague, Andrei Țiț, replies to all our reviews:
Create a versus page
Your potential customers will compare all possible solutions. You can take control of the comparison narrative by creating a versus page.
On this page, most companies will do a side-by-side comparison where they conveniently win. While that is, unfortunately, standard practice, we wanted to offer a new perspective.
For our own versus page, we decided to feature third-party reviews and polls and discuss the features only our toolset has.
Teach them how to use your product
Tim once said:
My theory is that people don’t sign up for your product and then learn how to use it. It’s the opposite, in fact. They first learn how to use your product, and they sign up because they already know how to use it.
Use your content to guide your prospects into visualizing how to use your product in their daily and work lives. If they see your product in action, they can imagine themselves using it.
You can see how this works in all our content. Our articles feature our toolset prominently. So do our YouTube videos.
We even have multiple free full-length courses that’ll show you how to solve SEO problems with our toolset:
Offer a free version of your product
Seeing is believing. But touching or using the product will imprint it on your prospect’s mind. That’s why food companies are more than happy to offer free samples—one taste and you’ll know whether you want to buy it or not.
At Ahrefs, we offer free versions of our toolset:
When potential customers consume our content and are able to follow along with our free tools, we’ll be top of mind when they decide to sign up in the future.
4. Action
Some people in this stage may need just a little bit more encouragement to purchase. So your goal here is to give them the final “nudge”—a compelling reason to buy right now.
There are various ways you can do this, such as:
- Utilizing urgency. If your cohort-based course is closing or a product is going out of stock soon, you can gently remind them (don’t fake this!).
- Offering a money-back guarantee.
- Making sure the checkout experience is smooth and easy.
- Offering them a final discount or coupon.
Recommendation
For example, when you purchase a MacBook from the Apple Store, they’ll ask you if you want AppleCare. That’s an upsell. Likewise, when you buy a meal at McDonald’s and they ask if you want to upsize your meal.
As you build your funnel, you should assign some metrics to each stage. The exact metric will vary depending on the channel or tactic you’re using, but here are some ideas:
- Awareness – Number of visitors coming to the site.
- Interest – Number of people signing up for the email list.
- Consideration – Click-through rate (CTR) for the email(s).
- Conversion – Number of people purchasing your product or service.
Start measuring them with tools like Google Analytics. Compare these metrics month-on-month. If you notice a decline or contrast in numbers, it means you have a problem.
For example, you may notice a lot of traffic on your website, but no one is converting to your email list. From there, you’ll know there may be an issue with the Interest stage. You can experiment with tactics to improve the conversion, such as:
- Retargeting visitors with an offer to join your list.
- Improve your email sign-up copy.
- Improve the incentive you’re offering to sign up.
- Make the sign-up box more prominent.
- Adding more options to sign up.
Analyzing and improving your funnel is a never-ending process. But that’s the fun part of marketing. Keep on experimenting and you’ll find ways to improve your results.
Final thoughts
According to conventional marketing wisdom, it’s cheaper to retain customers than to acquire new ones. So you can also consider expanding beyond the traditional funnel and focusing on stages like Loyalty and Advocacy.
For example, at Ahrefs, we have a customers-only community where our customers can hang out, ask questions, and provide feedback for our toolset.
For the Advocacy stage, you can consider setting up a referral program so it’s easier for your customers to refer your product to their friends.
That’s just the tip of the iceberg. There’s more you can do. You just have to experiment.
Any questions or comments? Let me know on Twitter.
SEO
2024 WordPress Vulnerability Report Shows Errors Sites Keep Making
WordPress security scanner WPScan’s 2024 WordPress vulnerability report calls attention to WordPress vulnerability trends and suggests the kinds of things website publishers (and SEOs) should be looking out for.
Some of the key findings from the report were that just over 20% of vulnerabilities were rated as high or critical level threats, with medium severity threats, at 67% of reported vulnerabilities, making up the majority. Many regard medium level vulnerabilities as if they are low-level threats and that’s a mistake because they’re not low level and should be regarded as deserving attention.
The WPScan report advised:
“While severity doesn’t translate directly to the risk of exploitation, it’s an important guideline for website owners to make an educated decision about when to disable or update the extension.”
WordPress Vulnerability Severity Distribution
Critical level vulnerabilities, the highest level of threat, represented only 2.38% of vulnerabilities, which is essentially good news for WordPress publishers. Yet as mentioned earlier, when combined with the percentages of high level threats (17.68%) the number or concerning vulnerabilities rises to almost 20%.
Here are the percentages by severity ratings:
- Critical 2.38%
- Low 12.83%
- High 17.68%
- Medium 67.12%
Authenticated Versus Unauthenticated
Authenticated vulnerabilities are those that require an attacker to first attain user credentials and their accompanying permission levels in order to exploit a particular vulnerability. Exploits that require subscriber-level authentication are the most exploitable of the authenticated exploits and those that require administrator level access present the least risk (although not always a low risk for a variety of reasons).
Unauthenticated attacks are generally the easiest to exploit because anyone can launch an attack without having to first acquire a user credential.
The WPScan vulnerability report found that about 22% of reported vulnerabilities required subscriber level or no authentication at all, representing the most exploitable vulnerabilities. On the other end of the scale of the exploitability are vulnerabilities requiring admin permission levels representing a total of 30.71% of reported vulnerabilities.
Permission Levels Required For Exploits
Vulnerabilities requiring administrator level credentials represented the highest percentage of exploits, followed by Cross Site Request Forgery (CSRF) with 24.74% of vulnerabilities. This is interesting because CSRF is an attack that uses social engineering to get a victim to click a link from which the user’s permission levels are acquired. This is a mistake that WordPress publishers should be aware of because all it takes is for an admin level user to follow a link which then enables the hacker to assume admin level privileges to the WordPress website.
The following is the percentages of exploits ordered by roles necessary to launch an attack.
Ascending Order Of User Roles For Vulnerabilities
- Author 2.19%
- Subscriber 10.4%
- Unauthenticated 12.35%
- Contributor 19.62%
- CSRF 24.74%
- Admin 30.71%
Most Common Vulnerability Types Requiring Minimal Authentication
Broken Access Control in the context of WordPress refers to a security failure that can allow an attacker without necessary permission credentials to gain access to higher credential permissions.
In the section of the report that looks at the occurrences and vulnerabilities underlying unauthenticated or subscriber level vulnerabilities reported (Occurrence vs Vulnerability on Unauthenticated or Subscriber+ reports), WPScan breaks down the percentages for each vulnerability type that is most common for exploits that are the easiest to launch (because they require minimal to no user credential authentication).
The WPScan threat report noted that Broken Access Control represents a whopping 84.99% followed by SQL injection (20.64%).
The Open Worldwide Application Security Project (OWASP) defines Broken Access Control as:
“Access control, sometimes called authorization, is how a web application grants access to content and functions to some users and not others. These checks are performed after authentication, and govern what ‘authorized’ users are allowed to do.
Access control sounds like a simple problem but is insidiously difficult to implement correctly. A web application’s access control model is closely tied to the content and functions that the site provides. In addition, the users may fall into a number of groups or roles with different abilities or privileges.”
SQL injection, at 20.64% represents the second most prevalent type of vulnerability, which WPScan referred to as both “high severity and risk” in the context of vulnerabilities requiring minimal authentication levels because attackers can access and/or tamper with the database which is the heart of every WordPress website.
These are the percentages:
- Broken Access Control 84.99%
- SQL Injection 20.64%
- Cross-Site Scripting 9.4%
- Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Upload 5.28%
- Sensitive Data Disclosure 4.59%
- Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) 3.67%
- Remote Code Execution 2.52%
- Other 14.45%
Vulnerabilities In The WordPress Core Itself
The overwhelming majority of vulnerability issues were reported in third-party plugins and themes. However, there were in 2023 a total of 13 vulnerabilities reported in the WordPress core itself. Out of the thirteen vulnerabilities only one of them was rated as a high severity threat, which is the second highest level, with Critical being the highest level vulnerability threat, a rating scoring system maintained by the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS).
The WordPress core platform itself is held to the highest standards and benefits from a worldwide community that is vigilant in discovering and patching vulnerabilities.
Website Security Should Be Considered As Technical SEO
Site audits don’t normally cover website security but in my opinion every responsible audit should at least talk about security headers. As I’ve been saying for years, website security quickly becomes an SEO issue once a website’s ranking start disappearing from the search engine results pages (SERPs) due to being compromised by a vulnerability. That’s why it’s critical to be proactive about website security.
According to the WPScan report, the main point of entry for hacked websites were leaked credentials and weak passwords. Ensuring strong password standards plus two-factor authentication is an important part of every website’s security stance.
Using security headers is another way to help protect against Cross-Site Scripting and other kinds of vulnerabilities.
Lastly, a WordPress firewall and website hardening are also useful proactive approaches to website security. I once added a forum to a brand new website I created and it was immediately under attack within minutes. Believe it or not, virtually every website worldwide is under attack 24 hours a day by bots scanning for vulnerabilities.
Read the WPScan Report:
WPScan 2024 Website Threat Report
Featured Image by Shutterstock/Ljupco Smokovski
SEO
An In-Depth Guide And Best Practices For Mobile SEO
Over the years, search engines have encouraged businesses to improve mobile experience on their websites. More than 60% of web traffic comes from mobile, and in some cases based on the industry, mobile traffic can reach up to 90%.
Since Google has completed its switch to mobile-first indexing, the question is no longer “if” your website should be optimized for mobile, but how well it is adapted to meet these criteria. A new challenge has emerged for SEO professionals with the introduction of Interaction to Next Paint (INP), which replaced First Input Delay (FID) starting March, 12 2024.
Thus, understanding mobile SEO’s latest advancements, especially with the shift to INP, is crucial. This guide offers practical steps to optimize your site effectively for today’s mobile-focused SEO requirements.
What Is Mobile SEO And Why Is It Important?
The goal of mobile SEO is to optimize your website to attain better visibility in search engine results specifically tailored for mobile devices.
This form of SEO not only aims to boost search engine rankings, but also prioritizes enhancing mobile user experience through both content and technology.
While, in many ways, mobile SEO and traditional SEO share similar practices, additional steps related to site rendering and content are required to meet the needs of mobile users and the speed requirements of mobile devices.
Does this need to be a priority for your website? How urgent is it?
Consider this: 58% of the world’s web traffic comes from mobile devices.
If you aren’t focused on mobile users, there is a good chance you’re missing out on a tremendous amount of traffic.
Mobile-First Indexing
Additionally, as of 2023, Google has switched its crawlers to a mobile-first indexing priority.
This means that the mobile experience of your site is critical to maintaining efficient indexing, which is the step before ranking algorithms come into play.
Read more: Where We Are Today With Google’s Mobile-First Index
How Much Of Your Traffic Is From Mobile?
How much traffic potential you have with mobile users can depend on various factors, including your industry (B2B sites might attract primarily desktop users, for example) and the search intent your content addresses (users might prefer desktop for larger purchases, for example).
Regardless of where your industry and the search intent of your users might be, the future will demand that you optimize your site experience for mobile devices.
How can you assess your current mix of mobile vs. desktop users?
An easy way to see what percentage of your users is on mobile is to go into Google Analytics 4.
- Click Reports in the left column.
- Click on the Insights icon on the right side of the screen.
- Scroll down to Suggested Questions and click on it.
- Click on Technology.
- Click on Top Device model by Users.
- Then click on Top Device category by Users under Related Results.
- The breakdown of Top Device category will match the date range selected at the top of GA4.
You can also set up a report in Looker Studio.
- Add your site to the Data source.
- Add Device category to the Dimension field.
- Add 30-day active users to the Metric field.
- Click on Chart to select the view that works best for you.
Screenshot from Looker Studio, March 2024You can add more Dimensions to really dig into the data to see which pages attract which type of users, what the mobile-to-desktop mix is by country, which search engines send the most mobile users, and so much more.
Read more: Why Mobile And Desktop Rankings Are Different
How To Check If Your Site Is Mobile-Friendly
Now that you know how to build a report on mobile and desktop usage, you need to figure out if your site is optimized for mobile traffic.
While Google removed the mobile-friendly testing tool from Google Search Console in December 2023, there are still a number of useful tools for evaluating your site for mobile users.
Bing still has a mobile-friendly testing tool that will tell you the following:
- Viewport is configured correctly.
- Page content fits device width.
- Text on the page is readable.
- Links and tap targets are sufficiently large and touch-friendly.
- Any other issues detected.
Google’s Lighthouse Chrome extension provides you with an evaluation of your site’s performance across several factors, including load times, accessibility, and SEO.
To use, install the Lighthouse Chrome extension.
- Go to your website in your browser.
- Click on the orange lighthouse icon in your browser’s address bar.
- Click Generate Report.
- A new tab will open and display your scores once the evaluation is complete.
Screenshot from Lighthouse, March 2024You can also use the Lighthouse report in Developer Tools in Chrome.
- Simply click on the three dots next to the address bar.
- Select “More Tools.”
- Select Developer Tools.
- Click on the Lighthouse tab.
- Choose “Mobile” and click the “Analyze page load” button.
Screenshot from Lighthouse, March 2024Another option that Google offers is the PageSpeed Insights (PSI) tool. Simply add your URL into the field and click Analyze.
PSI will integrate any Core Web Vitals scores into the resulting view so you can see what your users are experiencing when they come to your site.
Screenshot from PageSpeed Insights, March 2024Other tools, like WebPageTest.org, will graphically display the processes and load times for everything it takes to display your webpages.
With this information, you can see which processes block the loading of your pages, which ones take the longest to load, and how this affects your overall page load times.
You can also emulate the mobile experience by using Developer Tools in Chrome, which allows you to switch back and forth between a desktop and mobile experience.
Screenshot from Google Chrome Developer Tools, March 2024Lastly, use your own mobile device to load and navigate your website:
- Does it take forever to load?
- Are you able to navigate your site to find the most important information?
- Is it easy to add something to cart?
- Can you read the text?
Read more: Google PageSpeed Insights Reports: A Technical Guide
How To Optimize Your Site Mobile-First
With all these tools, keep an eye on the Performance and Accessibility scores, as these directly affect mobile users.
Expand each section within the PageSpeed Insights report to see what elements are affecting your score.
These sections can give your developers their marching orders for optimizing the mobile experience.
While mobile speeds for cellular networks have steadily improved around the world (the average speed in the U.S. has jumped to 27.06 Mbps from 11.14 Mbps in just eight years), speed and usability for mobile users are at a premium.
Read more: Top 7 SEO Benefits Of Responsive Web Design
Best Practices For Mobile Optimization
Unlike traditional SEO, which can focus heavily on ensuring that you are using the language of your users as it relates to the intersection of your products/services and their needs, optimizing for mobile SEO can seem very technical SEO-heavy.
While you still need to be focused on matching your content with the needs of the user, mobile search optimization will require the aid of your developers and designers to be fully effective.
Below are several key factors in mobile SEO to keep in mind as you’re optimizing your site.
Site Rendering
How your site responds to different devices is one of the most important elements in mobile SEO.
The two most common approaches to this are responsive design and dynamic serving.
Responsive design is the most common of the two options.
Using your site’s cascading style sheets (CSS) and flexible layouts, as well as responsive content delivery networks (CDN) and modern image file types, responsive design allows your site to adjust to a variety of screen sizes, orientations, and resolutions.
With the responsive design, elements on the page adjust in size and location based on the size of the screen.
You can simply resize the window of your desktop browser and see how this works.
Screenshot from web.dev, March 2024This is the approach that Google recommends.
Adaptive design, also known as dynamic serving, consists of multiple fixed layouts that are dynamically served to the user based on their device.
Sites can have a separate layout for desktop, smartphone, and tablet users. Each design can be modified to remove functionality that may not make sense for certain device types.
This is a less efficient approach, but it does give sites more control over what each device sees.
While these will not be covered here, two other options:
- Progressive Web Apps (PWA), which can seamlessly integrate into a mobile app.
- Separate mobile site/URL (which is no longer recommended).
Read more: An Introduction To Rendering For SEO
Interaction to Next Paint (INP)
Google has introduced Interaction to Next Paint (INP) as a more comprehensive measure of user experience, succeeding First Input Delay. While FID measures the time from when a user first interacts with your page (e.g., clicking a link, tapping a button) to the time when the browser is actually able to begin processing event handlers in response to that interaction. INP, on the other hand, broadens the scope by measuring the responsiveness of a website throughout the entire lifespan of a page, not just first interaction.
Note that actions such as hovering and scrolling do not influence INP, however, keyboard-driven scrolling or navigational actions are considered keystrokes that may activate events measured by INP but not scrolling which is happeing due to interaction.
Scrolling may indirectly affect INP, for example in scenarios where users scroll through content, and additional content is lazy-loaded from the API. While the act of scrolling itself isn’t included in the INP calculation, the processing, necessary for loading additional content, can create contention on the main thread, thereby increasing interaction latency and adversely affecting the INP score.
What qualifies as an optimal INP score?
- An INP under 200ms indicates good responsiveness.
- Between 200ms and 500ms needs improvement.
- Over 500ms means page has poor responsiveness.
and these are common issues causing poor INP scores:
- Long JavaScript Tasks: Heavy JavaScript execution can block the main thread, delaying the browser’s ability to respond to user interactions. Thus break long JS tasks into smaller chunks by using scheduler API.
- Large DOM (HTML) Size: A large DOM ( starting from 1500 elements) can severely impact a website’s interactive performance. Every additional DOM element increases the work required to render pages and respond to user interactions.
- Inefficient Event Callbacks: Event handlers that execute lengthy or complex operations can significantly affect INP scores. Poorly optimized callbacks attached to user interactions, like clicks, keypress or taps, can block the main thread, delaying the browser’s ability to render visual feedback promptly. For example when handlers perform heavy computations or initiate synchronous network requests such on clicks.
and you can troubleshoot INP issues using free and paid tools.
As a good starting point I would recommend to check your INP scores by geos via treo.sh which will give you a great high level insights where you struggle with most.
INP scores by GeosRead more: How To Improve Interaction To Next Paint (INP)
Image Optimization
Images add a lot of value to the content on your site and can greatly affect the user experience.
From page speeds to image quality, you could adversely affect the user experience if you haven’t optimized your images.
This is especially true for the mobile experience. Images need to adjust to smaller screens, varying resolutions, and screen orientation.
- Use responsive images
- Implement lazy loading
- Compress your images (use WebP)
- Add your images into sitemap
Optimizing images is an entire science, and I advise you to read our comprehensive guide on image SEO how to implement the mentioned recommendations.
Avoid Intrusive Interstitials
Google rarely uses concrete language to state that something is a ranking factor or will result in a penalty, so you know it means business about intrusive interstitials in the mobile experience.
Intrusive interstitials are basically pop-ups on a page that prevent the user from seeing content on the page.
John Mueller, Google’s Senior Search Analyst, stated that they are specifically interested in the first interaction a user has after clicking on a search result.
Not all pop-ups are considered bad. Interstitial types that are considered “intrusive” by Google include:
- Pop-ups that cover most or all of the page content.
- Non-responsive interstitials or pop-ups that are impossible for mobile users to close.
- Pop-ups that are not triggered by a user action, such as a scroll or a click.
Read more: 7 Tips To Keep Pop-Ups From Harming Your SEO
Structured Data
Most of the tips provided in this guide so far are focused on usability and speed and have an additive effect, but there are changes that can directly influence how your site appears in mobile search results.
Search engine results pages (SERPs) haven’t been the “10 blue links” in a very long time.
They now reflect the diversity of search intent, showing a variety of different sections to meet the needs of users. Local Pack, shopping listing ads, video content, and more dominate the mobile search experience.
As a result, it’s more important than ever to provide structured data markup to the search engines, so they can display rich results for users.
In this example, you can see that both Zojirushi and Amazon have included structured data for their rice cookers, and Google is displaying rich results for both.
Screenshot from search for [Japanese rice cookers], Google, March 2024Adding structured data markup to your site can influence how well your site shows up for local searches and product-related searches.
Using JSON-LD, you can mark up the business, product, and services data on your pages in Schema markup.
If you use WordPress as the content management system for your site, there are several plugins available that will automatically mark up your content with structured data.
Read more: What Structured Data To Use And Where To Use It?
Content Style
When you think about your mobile users and the screens on their devices, this can greatly influence how you write your content.
Rather than long, detailed paragraphs, mobile users prefer concise writing styles for mobile reading.
Each key point in your content should be a single line of text that easily fits on a mobile screen.
Your font sizes should adjust to the screen’s resolution to avoid eye strain for your users.
If possible, allow for a dark or dim mode for your site to further reduce eye strain.
Headers should be concise and address the searcher’s intent. Rather than lengthy section headers, keep it simple.
Finally, make sure that your text renders in a font size that’s readable.
Read more: 10 Tips For Creating Mobile-Friendly Content
Tap Targets
As important as text size, the tap targets on your pages should be sized and laid out appropriately.
Tap targets include navigation elements, links, form fields, and buttons like “Add to Cart” buttons.
Targets smaller than 48 pixels by 48 pixels and targets that overlap or are overlapped by other page elements will be called out in the Lighthouse report.
Tap targets are essential to the mobile user experience, especially for ecommerce websites, so optimizing them is vital to the health of your online business.
Read more: Google’s Lighthouse SEO Audit Tool Now Measures Tap Target Spacing
Prioritizing These Tips
If you have delayed making your site mobile-friendly until now, this guide may feel overwhelming. As a result, you may not know what to prioritize first.
As with so many other optimizations in SEO, it’s important to understand which changes will have the greatest impact, and this is just as true for mobile SEO.
Think of SEO as a framework in which your site’s technical aspects are the foundation of your content. Without a solid foundation, even the best content may struggle to rank.
- Responsive or Dynamic Rendering: If your site requires the user to zoom and scroll right or left to read the content on your pages, no number of other optimizations can help you. This should be first on your list.
- Content Style: Rethink how your users will consume your content online. Avoid very long paragraphs. “Brevity is the soul of wit,” to quote Shakespeare.
- Image Optimization: Begin migrating your images to next-gen image formats and optimize your content display network for speed and responsiveness.
- Tap Targets: A site that prevents users from navigating or converting into sales won’t be in business long. Make navigation, links, and buttons usable for them.
- Structured Data: While this element ranks last in priority on this list, rich results can improve your chances of receiving traffic from a search engine, so add this to your to-do list once you’ve completed the other optimizations.
Summary
From How Search Works, “Google’s mission is to organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful.”
If Google’s primary mission is focused on making all the world’s information accessible and useful, then you know they will prefer surfacing sites that align with that vision.
Since a growing percentage of users are on mobile devices, you may want to infer the word “everywhere” added to the end of the mission statement.
Are you missing out on traffic from mobile devices because of a poor mobile experience?
If you hope to remain relevant, make mobile SEO a priority now.
Featured Image: Paulo Bobita/Search Engine Journal
SEO
HARO Has Been Dead for a While
I know nothing about the new tool. I haven’t tried it. But after trying to use HARO recently, I can’t say I’m surprised or saddened by its death. It’s been a walking corpse for a while.
I used HARO way back in the day to build links. It worked. But a couple of months ago, I experienced the platform from the other side when I decided to try to source some “expert” insights for our posts.
After just a few minutes of work, I got hundreds of pitches:
So, I grabbed a cup of coffee and began to work through them. It didn’t take long before I lost the will to live. Every other pitch seemed like nothing more than lazy AI-generated nonsense from someone who definitely wasn’t an expert.
Here’s one of them:
Seriously. Who writes like that? I’m a self-confessed dullard (any fellow Dull Men’s Club members here?), and even I’m not that dull…
I don’t think I looked through more than 30-40 of the responses. I just couldn’t bring myself to do it. It felt like having a conversation with ChatGPT… and not a very good one!
Despite only reviewing a few dozen of the many pitches I received, one stood out to me:
Believe it or not, this response came from a past client of mine who runs an SEO agency in the UK. Given how knowledgeable and experienced he is (he actually taught me a lot about SEO back in the day when I used to hassle him with questions on Skype), this pitch rang alarm bells for two reasons:
- I truly doubt he spends his time replying to HARO queries
- I know for a fact he’s no fan of Neil Patel (sorry, Neil, but I’m sure you’re aware of your reputation at this point!)
So… I decided to confront him 😉
Here’s what he said:
Shocker.
I pressed him for more details:
I’m getting a really good deal and paying per link rather than the typical £xxxx per month for X number of pitches. […] The responses as you’ve seen are not ideal but that’s a risk I’m prepared to take as realistically I dont have the time to do it myself. He’s not native english, but I have had to have a word with him a few times about clearly using AI. On the low cost ones I don’t care but on authority sites it needs to be more refined.
I think this pretty much sums up the state of HARO before its death. Most “pitches” were just AI answers from SEOs trying to build links for their clients.
Don’t get me wrong. I’m not throwing shade here. I know that good links are hard to come by, so you have to do what works. And the reality is that HARO did work. Just look at the example below. You can tell from the anchor and surrounding text in Ahrefs that these links were almost certainly built with HARO:
But this was the problem. HARO worked so well back in the day that it was only a matter of time before spammers and the #scale crew ruined it for everyone. That’s what happened, and now HARO is no more. So…
If you’re a link builder, I think it’s time to admit that HARO link building is dead and move on.
No tactic works well forever. It’s the law of sh**ty clickthroughs. This is why you don’t see SEOs having huge success with tactics like broken link building anymore. They’ve moved on to more innovative tactics or, dare I say it, are just buying links.
Sidenote.
Talking of buying links, here’s something to ponder: if Connectively charges for pitches, are links built through those pitches technically paid? If so, do they violate Google’s spam policies? It’s a murky old world this SEO lark, eh?
If you’re a journalist, Connectively might be worth a shot. But with experts being charged for pitches, you probably won’t get as many responses. That might be a good thing. You might get less spam. Or you might just get spammed by SEOs with deep pockets. The jury’s out for now.
My advice? Look for alternative methods like finding and reaching out to experts directly. You can easily use tools like Content Explorer to find folks who’ve written lots of content about the topic and are likely to be experts.
For example, if you look for content with “backlinks” in the title and go to the Authors tab, you might see a familiar name. 😉
I don’t know if I’d call myself an expert, but I’d be happy to give you a quote if you reached out on social media or emailed me (here’s how to find my email address).
Alternatively, you can bait your audience into giving you their insights on social media. I did this recently with a poll on X and included many of the responses in my guide to toxic backlinks.
Either of these options is quicker than using HARO because you don’t have to sift through hundreds of responses looking for a needle in a haystack. If you disagree with me and still love HARO, feel free to tell me why on X 😉
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