MARKETING
Marketing Content to Gen Z? You Better Play by Their Rules

As Generation Z emerges from their older millennial siblings’ shadows, they expect brands to play by their rules.
Appealing to this digitally savvy and empowered audience requires reevaluating your marketing strategy to better connect your company’s content with them.
Gen Z isn’t willing to play by brands’ marketing games; they expect brands to follow their rules, says @joderama via @CMIContent. Click To Tweet
To get inside the post-millennial mind, Streamly (owned by CMI parent company Informa) interviewed several youth marketing experts at Content Marketing World. Here’s what they say about what makes Gen Z consumers tick and click and what brands must do to win their attention, trust, and loyalty.
Support of Gen Z’s goals and identities
Even though the tail end of the generation hasn’t yet reached adulthood, they already have tremendous influence in the marketplace. A 2021 report from Bloomberg (subscription required) put their estimated disposable income at $360 million. But, growing up in an era of financial instability, Gen Z tends to be savers, not spenders.
To get them to pay attention to (let alone spend with) your brand, you must prove your worth. That starts by meeting Gen Z’s need to be understood and for their values to be upheld.
Likely the most diverse U.S. population in history, 48% of Gen Z is non-white, according to 2018 data from Pew Research Center, followed by millennials (39%) and Gen X (30%). Furthermore, according to a Gallup poll, 20.8% of Gen Z identifies as LGBT.
Those characteristics may factor into their attitudes around equality and social justice – and why they often spend with brands that share their views. Almost three-fourths (72%) say they’re likelier to purchase from brands that contribute to social causes, according to a WP Engine report on generational influence.
Yet, Women in Revenue’s Deanna Ransom says that isn’t a simple equation: “With young folks that are marginalized, there is an extreme passion and need to be heard accurately,” she says. “They’re more mission-driven [and willing] to put themselves out there across multiple platforms to say, ‘We will not stand for this.’”
Deanna characterizes this attitude as “radical intolerance” for the systemic barriers that impede Gen Z’s goals. To attract this generation, marketers should communicate their alignment with that intolerance and back up those words with action.
To attract Gen Z, brands need to align their message of intolerance and back up those words with action, says @DeeRansom3 via @joderama @CMIContent. Click To Tweet
“They consciously look for companies who do good in the world, stand for more diversity, and want that inclusion. And they will vote with their dollars to support brands helping shift the narrative,” Deanna says.
A lovely example of an inclusive story comes from the whiskey brand J+B. It delivered a heartwarming holiday video on transgender acceptance to its audience in Spain – with a surprising, multi-generational twist.
The non-spoken spot features an older man as the central character. He borrows, shops for, and tries on cosmetics, clocking the judgmental stares of shopkeepers.
He remains undeterred in his purposeful mission. Ultimately, viewers realize he did it to empower his young grandchild to come out to their family as transgender. (Note: YouTube has an age restriction for the video.)
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How to update your content strategy to reflect Gen Z better
Generation Z wields plenty of marketplace power. But to compel them to use it to benefit your brand, you need to tailor your outreach to their engagement preferences and communication style.
Understand and incorporate their perspectives
Before attempting to engage the Gen Z audience with your content, Deanna says to ask, “What do we want to say to them, and what’s important to them?”
Revisit and update your marketing personas to reflect this audience’s interests and preferences accurately. Deanna also recommends bringing in external expertise to expand your content team’s perspectives. “You must be mindful of what you’re putting out and what it looks like to others,” she says.
Communicate empathetically and act intentionally
Gen Z never lived without social media’s existence. Seeing a prevalence of fake news and false claims online trained them to look for conflicts between what brands say and what they do.
“If marketers are signaling a virtuous purpose that doesn’t ring true, young people can pick up on that,” Deanna says. “It shows a lack of empathy. We all know when someone is talking at us versus when someone is talking with us, and those nuances are so important.”
If you don’t want to set off Gen Z’s BS meter, forgo lip-service messages. “They’re not just looking for statements and soundbites. They’re looking for action, and they’re going to keep pushing back until they get it,” Deanna says.
Feed their love of video storytelling
Born between 1997 and 2012, Gen Z cut their teeth on social media and viral videos. They’re used to connecting to their friends via smartphones, and they’re more likely to view their news than read it.
Those visual preferences also apply to their product research and brand engagement activities. For example, a 2020 study found 70% of Gen Z say product videos and photos are particularly helpful when making purchasing decisions (78% of millennials say the same.)
Semrush content director Lenox Powell advises marketers to focus heavily on visual content for young audiences. But, she says, your videos won’t get much traction if you create them for Facebook and Instagram. Gen Z is all about TikTok.
Your videos won’t get much traction if you create them for #Facebook and #Instagram. Gen Z is all about #TikTok, says @LenoxPowell via @joderama @CMIContent. Click To Tweet
Working with this new social platform has been a challenge for even experienced content marketers: “There’s still this big question mark – ‘What the heck do we do on TikTok?’” says Lenox.
To find the answers, Semrush analyzed hundreds of TikTok videos for the most popular hooks. Lenox reveals some of the resulting tips:
- Keep it snappy. The TikTok audience is conditioned to scroll past videos that don’t immediately grab their attention. Ensure the spoken words hit in the first three seconds and adopt a friendly, informal tone.
- Bring the party. Use music to foster a fun, engaging vibe within the first three seconds.
- Invite viewers to the experience. Avoid slick promotional approaches. Instead, create one-on-one conversations where the audience is a welcomed guest. Gen Z isn’t interested in being pitched. They want to go behind the scenes, learn who you are as a company, and feel like they’re part of the creator’s community.
- Aim for raw and real over polished perfection. “This generation is far more willing to embrace imperfect selfies, and they want to see the raw elements of your brand,” Lenox says. “They want photo captions far more than posed pictures or filters.”
Snappy is the hook for #TikTok videos. @Semrush analysis found using words, music, or both in the first three seconds works, says @LenoxPowell via @joderama @CMIContent. Click To Tweet
Lenox says marketers may struggle most with the last tip. “Brands want to put their best foot forward. They don’t always want to show a ‘warts-and-all’ view,” she says. Still, marketers must push themselves out of that comfort zone to appeal to Gen Z’s demand for authenticity.
Consider visual formats other than video
Marketers also can incorporate other visual content formats into their mix, including motion graphics. “Visuals is an umbrella term. Create visuals, images, and graphics that simplify the complex. The more we can tell and show the story in an impactful way, the more effective it’ll be overall,” Lenox says.
A great example of non-video visual content comes from the apparel brand Mossy Oak. The company regularly publishes nature-centric imagery in blog posts, Gamekeepers Magazine, and associated video podcasts.
Though NFTs are de rigueur for Gen Z audiences, Mossy Oak hit differently by producing a limited-edition tangible stamp collectible depicting wild turkeys in their natural habitat to support turkey conservation.
This visual content effort also aligns with Gen Z’s interest in engaging with brands that give back: According to Fast Company, the $15 stamp raised $25,000 in its first 24 hours for Mossy Oak’s Gamekeepers’ Grant program to support wild turkey habitats and population research.
Redefine influencer marketing
Millennials may have launched the career category of online influencers. Still, Generation Z doesn’t always vibe with its legacy of pay-for-play product endorsements from celebrities and internet-famous pitch people.
Research shows that 37% of consumers trust influencers over brands, with Gen Z and Millennials being twice as likely to do this compared with their Boomer counterparts. Further, 32% of Gen Z rely on social media influencers to help them discover brands and products.
Yet, Gen Z is even more likely to identify with (and be influenced by) people they can personally relate to. That includes fellow content creators and everyday consumers who speak about brands from an organic, authentic perspective and actively build communities around their interests.
“The days of sponsored content as the execution of influencer marketing are dead, says Jason Falls, executive vice president of marketing at CIPIO.ai. “More sophisticated influencers and content creators realized that real brand value comes from longer term relationships.”
The days of sponsored #content as the execution of #InfluencerMarketing are dead, says @JasonFalls via @joderama @CMIContent. Click To Tweet
To build those relationships, marketers need to reframe their vision of influencer marketing. “We need to put content through [influencers] who can persuade the audience to take action,” Jason explains in his presentation at Content Marketing World.
To do that, Jason recommends working with savvy, forward-thinking creators who keep the audience’s best interests top of mind and recognize the need to consider the brand’s goals.
He points to three red flags for creators considering your potential engagements:
- Prioritize the financial over the value exchange: If the first thing an influencer asks is, “What’s your budget,” look elsewhere. It shows they’re not mature or experienced enough to understand the process and how to deliver value for your business.
- Show disinterest in your offerings: Candidates should ask for access to your services or samples of your products. If they don’t, it could be a sign they’re more concerned with growing their own audience than creating an authentic and believable endorsement.
- Fail to ask about your goals: To create content that meets your brand’s expectations, they need to be fully informed on what you want to achieve through the partnership.
To get the best response from the Gen Z audience, Jason says, influencers should be willing to custom-build the content and adeptly present their messages in informative, engaging, and entertaining ways.
For example, Nissan USA frequently casts celebrities and other youth-friendly spokespeople for its pre-scripted ads on TikTok. But for this custom-created video, the brand partnered with comedy and culture influencer DreaKnowsBest who showcased her personality when demonstrating how she packs multiple suitcases for a weekend trip in her Nissan Rogue. The effort received over 24,000 “likes” on the platform and Drea engaged with many of the comments posted.
@dreaknowsbest Who’s guilty of this? 🙋🏾♀️😅 Cause y’all know how IMPORTANT options are on a trip! And it fits my Rogue trunk with room to spare so…. 🤷🏾♀️ #NissanPartner @Nissan USA ♬ original sound – Drea Knowsbest
Be real, do better, and get to work
Generation Z isn’t afraid to show who they are or advocate for the changes they want to see. But to get their attention, you’ll have to earn it on their terms. Follow these rules of engagement to deliver the authentic, resonant, and valuable brand experiences they’re looking for.
To hear more insights from Deanna, Lenox, and Jason on creating an authentic connection with Gen Z consumers, check out this highlights reel from CMI’s colleagues at Streamly:
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Cover image by Joseph Kalinowski/Content Marketing Institute
MARKETING
4 White Label Tools to Help Brand Your Agency’s Services

As a digital marketing agency, your team renders its services to clients by using a stack of cloud-based tools. The services you offer might include building clients’ landing pages, optimizing their website’s search engine presence, capturing leads for them to nurture, running their email marketing campaigns, managing their social media, or any number of other options.
You likely already have a toolkit in place that helps you tackle all client work and communications. But are these tools helping you build your agency’s brand?
White-label tools are software-as-a-service (SaaS) solutions developed and maintained by third-party vendors that you can rebrand and customize to showcase as your own. You can tailor these tools to match your agency’s (or your client’s) branding — in terms of the logo, colors, fonts, etc.
This creates a consistent, agency-branded service experience that helps boost your client’s confidence in your agency, thus improving your reputation, loyalty, perceived value and bottom line. But for each marketing activity mentioned above, there are plenty of white-label tools to choose from. Hunting and figuring out the best ones is a rather time-consuming task.
This post is here to help. Here are four great white-label tools to brand your agency’s marketing services and deliver a more compelling client experience.
1. Tilda
A beautiful, functional website is the foundation of any brand’s online presence and marketing success. Tilda is an intuitive drag-and-drop platform that provides a quick and easy way to build your clients’ websites and landing pages.
Whether it’s for a one-time promotion or a downloadable content freebie, Tilda offers a wide range of pre-designed blocks that you can customize to suit your client’s landing page requirements in terms of design and functionality. Its visual editor allows you to add multimedia content (images, videos, etc.), use custom fonts, integrate payment systems, add animations, and a lot more.
It comes with a built-in CRM that collects statistics on leads and customers, giving visibility into your client’s website performance. On the Personal or Business Plan, you can remove the “Made on Tilda” label that is added to all pages by default. Coupled with a custom domain, this removes all mentions of Tilda, making it a feature-rich white-label website builder ideal for agencies.
The end result is a branded, responsive, fast-loading, and SEO-friendly website or page that helps you drive leads and revenue for your clients.
2. vcita
vcita is an all-in-one small business management platform that lets solo service providers and small teams centralize their routine operations: appointment scheduling, billing, payment collection, client management, and marketing.
With its white-label partner program built for agencies, vcita allows you to deploy an agency-branded web and mobile app that your clients can leverage to efficiently manage their schedules, cash flow, relationships, and nurture processes. You can even offer in-app education flows so your clients can easily learn how to make the most of the platform.
In doing so, you help your small business clients render a better service experience to their customers, as they can provide self-service appointment scheduling, messaging, and payment options while automating their bookings and invoicing processes — all from the vcita app branded as your own.
This helps your agency stay top of mind and upsell additional services based on the client’s business circumstances. You can also integrate other apps into your app’s dashboard, making it a hub for clients to collaborate with you on whatever projects you like. Plus, your branded app can bring in recurring subscription revenue.
3. BrightLocal
BrightLocal is a local marketing platform that provides small businesses with the tools to manage and improve their online presences. It helps with local search engine optimization (SEO), online reputation management, citation building, local link building, localized content creation, and competitive research.
Designed with agencies in mind, BrightLocal enables you to uncover SEO issues that need fixing and the best growth opportunities to rank higher and improve results for your clients. You can track your clients’ local rankings and citations, conduct local SEO audits, manage customer reviews, and provide clients with a live dashboard so they can monitor progress.
As a white-label SEO tool, it lets you create customizable SEO reports (online and PDF) branded with your agency’s logo and colors. You have complete control of the data clients can see. You can also set up automated, agency-branded email reports sent via your own unique white-label domain.
4. Campaign Monitor
A popular email marketing automation platform, Campaign Monitor offers professionally-designed templates on a simple drag-and-drop interface to create engaging email campaigns such as product announcements, newsletters, and event promotions.
You can segment your client’s customers based on purchase data and then build hyper-targeted segments to send highly personalized emails tailored to their individual interests.
Built with marketing agencies in mind, Campaign Monitor’s private labeling lets you give the platform a complete makeover — logos, fonts, colors, backgrounds, etc. — with your agency’s branding to provide your clients with a proprietary service experience.
A single dashboard gives you a master view to easily manage all client accounts. What’s more, Campaign Monitor integrates with many popular CRM and marketing tools such as Salesforce, helping you build stronger customer relationships for your clients.
Wrapping up
To sum up, white labeling enables you to offer your clients a consistent, agency-branded experience that helps you stand out from competitors, build credibility and authority, and solidify client relations.
Give the tools discussed above a test drive to start white labeling your service offerings right away.
MARKETING
5 Steps To Better Brainstorming That Works

Re:Think Innovation author Carla Johnson warns content marketers about brainstorming without doing anything to prime the work.
Omitting the critical preparation step, she says, prevents fresh inspiration. It can also lead to ideas that lack the proper audience focus, don’t align with your content strategy, and fall outside execution capabilities.
To help marketers avoid that trap, Carla developed an approach to generating valuable, viable innovation ideas. She calls it the Perpetual Innovation Process (PIP).
PIP shifts your team from their legacy thought patterns to surface novel ideas and manifests them into actionable marketing. It also builds a path around the pitfalls of traditional brainstorming.
Shift your #content team from legacy thought patterns to surface novel ideas and actionable marketing, says @joderama via @CMIContent. Click To Tweet
Here’s what the process involves and how you can use it to bring more exciting, innovative ideas to market.
Follow the Perpetual Innovation Process
Think of a marketing challenge for which you need an innovative solution. For example, you may struggle to think of a unique theme for a new brand podcast or create an event that advances your thought leadership.
Carla details each step in Re:Think Innovation, but with her permission, I’ve summarized the key points:
Set the stage
You need to know where you hope to arrive. So, before you start the perpetual innovation process, create an objective statement that puts the critical elements into focus.
“Setting an objective creates consensus about the outcome you’re ultimately looking to achieve. It helps you decide what problem you want to solve and how it bubbles up to your goal. It also aligns your team around the work that will need to get done,” Carla says.
Use Carla’s simple template (below) to set that objective. Fill in the blanks to detail why you need ideas, what they’re meant to accomplish for your business, and what constraints you’ll face on the way:
- The intention: “We need ideas to ___.”
- The impact: “So we can ____.”
- The realistic conditions: “With these constraints ____.”
Establish a brainstorming objective: We need ideas to ____, so we can _____, with these constraints _____ via @CarlaJohnson @joderama @CMIContent. Click To Tweet
Carla says constraints are part of the equation to come up with innovative ideas rather than just creative ones. “Anybody could have an amazing idea if they didn’t have to work within constraints like budget and time,” she says.
Setting real-world boundaries pushes a more disciplined form of thinking. “It provides a more cohesive view of your brand, which can spark opportunities to tell bigger, more impactful stories than the ones you initially envisioned,” Carla says.
Seek inspiration and make purposeful connections
Next, set your objective aside (you’ll return to it later) and work through the five steps in Carla’s innovation framework. In the end, not only will you have a stream of actionable ideas, but you can pitch them to secure stakeholder buy-in:
Step 1: Observe. Pay attention to the world around you, using all your senses. For example, you might see children, a ball, a few squirrels, or some trees if you’re outside. If you close your eyes, you might hear music playing faintly somewhere, smell food cooked on a grill, or feel a warm breeze.
You don’t need to ascribe any meaning to your observations or focus on an objective. Simply be mindful of your surroundings and write each detail you notice.
Step 2: Distill. Scrutinize those individual details and discern their meaning in relation to each other. Look for similarities and categorize them into larger groups and patterns. For example, if you group children and a ball, that might bring to mind the idea of play; the sound of music and the smell of the grill could connect to ideas of entertainment or friendship.
Step 3: Relate. See where opportunities might exist to tell a bigger story about your brand. Compare the similarities and differences in the identified patterns and look for ways they might fit into your working world.
Ask yourself: “How might we transplant the ‘essence’ of friendship into our event challenge?” Or, “How might we apply the idea of play to the theme of our podcast?”
Not all patterns will translate but remember: There are no wrong connections, just ones that may not fit your needs. Prioritize the most evident connections to your business for step four.
Step 4: Generate. Solidify those abstract ideas into real possibilities. Take the broad list of how-might-we questions from the previous step and generate as many content ideas as possible for each. Don’t set any limitations. In fact, the wilder and crazier your ideas are, the closer you get to a truly innovative – and executable – idea. Form them as what-if questions, such as “What if we tried to …” or “What if we combine X and Y into …?”
Systematically probe the viability of each one after the ideas stop flowing. Use the constraints from your objective statement to make go or no-go decisions on which to develop. Whittle the go idea list by asking practical questions. For example:
- Does the idea align with the brand’s priorities?
- Is it something the audience needs right now?
- Does the team have the bandwidth and budget to see it through?
- Will implementation require unavailable capabilities or technologies?
- Will other functional teams need to get involved?
Step 5: Pitch. You’ve already done the hard work by the time you reach this step. Carla refers to the pitch as “the journey of an idea, told in the form of a story.” If you can’t pitch the idea so others will understand and embrace it, you’ll never get it off the ground.
If you can’t pitch an idea so others embrace it, you’ll never get it off the ground, says @CarlaJohnson via @joderama @CMIContent. Click To Tweet
Tell the story of your idea, starting with observe (step one) and working the idea through generate (step four). Present that story through the lens of your audience. Think about what matters to them and how your idea will fit into their world as a cultural product.
Formulate three versions of the pitch – 30 seconds, 90 seconds, and five minutes. Practice delivering each one until you are comfortable enough to deliver them to your stakeholders.
Prepare to conquer your innovation challenges
With a systematic process for generating fresh – and properly focused – ideas, your team can rev up your creative output – and ramp up your ability to add real value to your brand’s experience.
Editor’s note: This article originally appeared in CCO.
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Cover image by Joseph Kalinowski/Content Marketing Institute
MARKETING
The Moz Links API: Touch Every Endpoint in Python

The purpose of this Jupyter Notebook is to introduce the Moz Links API using Python. This should work on any notebook hosting environment, such as Google Colab.
If you’re looking at this on Github, the code snippets can be copy/pasted into your own notebook environment. By the time you’ve run this script to the bottom, you will have used every Moz Links API endpoint, and can pick the parts you want for your own project. The official documentation can be found here.
Confused? Be sure to check out my intro to the Moz Links API.
Do global imports
The import statements at the top of a Python program are used to load external resources that are not loaded by default in the Python interpreter. These resources may include libraries or modules that provide additional functionality to the program.
Import statements are usually placed at the top of a program, before any other code is executed. This allows the program to load any necessary resources before they are needed in the program.
Once the resources have been loaded using import statements, they can be used anywhere in the program, not just in the cell where the import statement was written. This allows the program to access the functionality provided by the imported resources throughout its execution.
The libraries here not part of the standard Python library are requests and sqlitedict. You can install the with pip install requests and pip install sqlitedict in your terminal or a Jupyter cell. If you’re using Anaconda, requests is pre-installed.
import json import requests from headlines import * from pprint import pprint from sqlitedict import SqliteDict as sqldict
Load login values from external file
The code below reads a file named “linksapi.txt” from the “assets” directory, which contains the login credentials, including the access ID and secret key needed to access the Moz API. These credentials are extracted from the file and assigned to two variables named ACCESSID and SECRETKEY. The with statement is used to ensure that the file is properly closed after it’s been read. Create a file whose contents look like this with your credentials manually retreived from moz.com:
ACCESSID: mozscape-1234567890 SECRETKEY: 1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef
Once the credentials are extracted from the file, they are stored in a tuple named AUTH_TUPLE. This tuple can be used as an argument to the Moz API functions to authenticate and authorize access to the data.
The purpose of this approach is to avoid hard-coding sensitive login credentials directly in the program, which could pose a security risk if the code was shared or published publicly. Instead, the credentials are kept in a separate file that is not included in the repository, and can be easily created and updated as needed. This way, the code can be shared without exposing the credentials to the public.
with open("../assets/linksapi.txt") as fh: ACCESSID, SECRETKEY = [x.strip().split(" ")[1] for x in fh.readlines()] AUTH_TUPLE = (ACCESSID, SECRETKEY) # Don't show contents
Configure variables
In this code, there are several configuration variables that are used to set up the API call to the Moz Links API.
The first variable, COMMON_ENDPOINT, is a constant that stores the endpoint URL for the Moz API. The second variable, sub_endpoint, is a string that represents the endpoint subpath for the anchor text data, which will be appended to the COMMON_ENDPOINT URL to form the complete API endpoint URL.
The fourth variable, data_dict, is a dictionary that contains the parameters for the API request. In this case, the data_dict specifies the target URL for which we want to retrieve anchor text data, the scope of the data (in this case, page-level), and a limit of 1 result.
Finally, the json_string variable is created by converting the data_dict dictionary into a JSON-formatted string using the json.dumps() function. This string will be used as the request body when making the API call.
These variables are used to configure and parameterize the API request, and can be modified to perform any data_dict request against any Moz Links API sub_endpoint.
COMMON_ENDPOINT = "https://lsapi.seomoz.com/v2/" sub_endpoint = "anchor_text" endpoint = COMMON_ENDPOINT + sub_endpoint data_dict = {"target": "moz.com/blog", "scope": "page", "limit": 1} json_string = json.dumps(data_dict)
Actually hit the API (ensure success)
In JupyterLab, the last line of a code cell is automatically printed to the output area without requiring an explicit print() statement. The code you provided is using the requests module to send a POST request to a URL url with data in the form of a JSON string json_string. The authentication details are passed using the AUTH_TUPLE variable.
After sending the request, the response object r is printed using the print() statement. This will print the HTTP status code, such as 200 for success, 404 for not found, etc., along with the response headers.
Finally, the .json() method is called on the response object response to parse the response data as JSON and return it as a Python dictionary. This dictionary can be assigned to a variable, used for further processing, or simply printed to the output area without requiring an explicit print() statement due to JupyterLab’s automatic printing behavior for the last line of a code cell.
response = requests.post(endpoint, data=json_string, auth=AUTH_TUPLE) pprint(response.json())
Outputs:
{'next_token': 'JYkQVg4s9ak8iRBWDiz1qTyguYswnj035nqjRF0IbW96IGJsb2e58hGzcmSomw==', 'results': [{'anchor_text': 'moz', 'external_pages': 7183, 'external_root_domains': 2038}]}
List Sub-endpoints
This code defines a list of different sub-endpoints that can be appended to a common URL prefix to make different API endpoints. An API endpoint is a URL where an API can be accessed by clients. It is a point of entry to the application that acts as a gatekeeper between the client and the server. Each endpoint is identified by a unique URL, which can be used to interact with the API.
In this code, the list of sub-endpoints is defined in the sub_endpoints variable, and each endpoint is represented as a string. The for loop iterates over the list, prints the index number and name of each sub-endpoint using the print function, and increments the index by 1. The enumerate function is used to generate a sequence of pairs consisting of an index and a value from the list.
This code is useful for exploring the available endpoints for a particular API and for selecting the endpoint that corresponds to the desired functionality. By changing the sub-endpoint in the URL, clients can access different resources or perform different operations on the server.
sub_endpoints = [ "anchor_text", "final_redirect", "global_top_pages", "global_top_root_domains", "index_metadata", "link_intersect", "link_status", "linking_root_domains", "links", "top_pages", "url_metrics", "usage_data", ] for i, sub_endpoint in enumerate(sub_endpoints): print(i + 1, sub_endpoint)
Outputs:
1 anchor_text 2 final_redirect 3 global_top_pages 4 global_top_root_domains 5 index_metadata 6 link_intersect 7 link_status 8 linking_root_domains 9 links 10 top_pages 11 url_metrics 12 usage_data
Human-friendly labels
This code defines two lists: names and descriptions. The names list contains human-friendly labels for the set of sub-endpoints, while the descriptions list provides a brief description of each endpoint. The two lists are kept in the same order as the points list defined earlier in the code.
By keeping the three lists in the same order, they can be “zipped” together into a single list of tuples using the zip function. This produces a new list where each tuple contains the name, endpoint, and description for a particular API endpoint. This makes it easy to display a user-friendly summary of each API endpoint with its name and description.
The zip function combines the elements of the three lists element-wise, creating a tuple of the first elements from each list, then a tuple of the second elements, and so on. The resulting list of tuples can be iterated over, and each tuple unpacked to access the individual name, endpoint, and description elements for each API endpoint.
names = [ "Anchor Text", "Final Redirect", "Global Top Pages", "Global Top Root Domains", "Index Metadata", "Link Intersect", "Link Status", "Linking Root Domains", "Links", "Top Pages", "URL Metrics", "Usage Data", ] descriptions = [ "Use this endpoint to get data about anchor text used by followed external links to a target. Results are ordered by external_root_domains descending.", "Use this endpoint to get data about anchor text used by followed external links to a target. Results are ordered by external_root_domains descending.", "This endpoint returns the top 500 pages in the entire index with the highest Page Authority values, sorted by Page Authority. (Visit the Top 500 Sites list to explore the top root domains on the web, sorted by Domain Authority.)", "This endpoint returns the top 500 pages in the entire index with the highest Page Authority values, sorted by Page Authority. (Visit the Top 500 Sites list to explore the top root domains on the web, sorted by Domain Authority.)", "This endpoint returns the top 500 pages in the entire index with the highest Page Authority values, sorted by Page Authority. (Visit the Top 500 Sites list to explore the top root domains on the web, sorted by Domain Authority.)", "Use this endpoint to get sources that link to at least one of a list of positive targets and don't link to any of a list of negative targets.", "Use this endpoint to get information about links from many sources to a single target.", "Use this endpoint to get linking root domains to a target.", "Use this endpoint to get links to a target.", "This endpoint returns top pages on a target domain.", "Use this endpoint to get metrics about one or more urls.", "This endpoint Returns the number of rows consumed so far in the current billing period. The count returned might not reflect rows consumed in the last hour. The count returned reflects rows consumed by requests to both the v1 (Moz Links API) and v2 Links APIs.", ] # Simple zipping example list(zip(names, sub_endpoints, descriptions))
Outputs:
[('Anchor Text', 'anchor_text', 'Use this endpoint to get data about anchor text used by followed external links to a target. Results are ordered by external_root_domains descending.'), ('Final Redirect', 'final_redirect', 'Use this endpoint to get data about anchor text used by followed external links to a target. Results are ordered by external_root_domains descending.'), ('Global Top Pages', 'global_top_pages', 'This endpoint returns the top 500 pages in the entire index with the highest Page Authority values, sorted by Page Authority. (Visit the Top 500 Sites list to explore the top root domains on the web, sorted by Domain Authority.)'), ('Global Top Root Domains', 'global_top_root_domains', 'This endpoint returns the top 500 pages in the entire index with the highest Page Authority values, sorted by Page Authority. (Visit the Top 500 Sites list to explore the top root domains on the web, sorted by Domain Authority.)'), ('Index Metadata', 'index_metadata', 'This endpoint returns the top 500 pages in the entire index with the highest Page Authority values, sorted by Page Authority. (Visit the Top 500 Sites list to explore the top root domains on the web, sorted by Domain Authority.)'), ('Link Intersect', 'link_intersect', "Use this endpoint to get sources that link to at least one of a list of positive targets and don't link to any of a list of negative targets."), ('Link Status', 'link_status', 'Use this endpoint to get information about links from many sources to a single target.'), ('Linking Root Domains', 'linking_root_domains', 'Use this endpoint to get linking root domains to a target.'), ('Links', 'links', 'Use this endpoint to get links to a target.'), ('Top Pages', 'top_pages', 'This endpoint returns top pages on a target domain.'), ('URL Metrics', 'url_metrics', 'Use this endpoint to get metrics about one or more urls.'), ('Usage Data', 'usage_data', 'This endpoint Returns the number of rows consumed so far in the current billing period. The count returned might not reflect rows consumed in the last hour. The count returned reflects rows consumed by requests to both the v1 (Moz Links API) and v2 Links APIs.')]
Show an example request for each endpoint
This is a list of API requests in Python dict format, where each dictionary represents a request to a specific endpoint. Don’t hurt your brain too much trying to read it. Just know that I lifted each example from the original Moz documentation and listed them all here in order as nested Python dicts.
You could call the format is a dict of dicts, where each sub-dictionary corresponds to a specific endpoint, same order as the sub_endpoints, names, and descriptions lists for easy combining. The output of running the below cell is doing that list-combining to document every sub_endpoint.
dict_of_dicts = { "anchor_text": {"target": "moz.com/blog", "scope": "page", "limit": 5}, "links": { "target": "moz.com/blog", "target_scope": "page", "filter": "external+nofollow", "limit": 1, }, "final_redirect": {"page": "seomoz.org/blog"}, "global_top_pages": {"limit": 5}, "global_top_root_domains": {"limit": 5}, "index_metadata": {}, "link_intersect": { "positive_targets": [ {"target": "latimes.com", "scope": "root_domain"}, {"target": "blog.nytimes.com", "scope": "subdomain"}, ], "negative_targets": [{"target": "moz.com", "scope": "root_domain"}], "source_scope": "page", "sort": "source_domain_authority", "limit": 1, }, "link_status": { "target": "moz.com/blog", "sources": ["twitter.com", "linkedin.com"], "source_scope": "root_domain", "target_scope": "page", }, "linking_root_domains": { "target": "moz.com/blog", "target_scope": "page", "filter": "external", "sort": "source_domain_authority", "limit": 5, }, "top_pages": {"target": "moz.com", "scope": "root_domain", "limit": 5}, "url_metrics": {"targets": ["moz.com", "nytimes.com"]}, "usage_data": {}, } for i, sub_endpoint in enumerate(sub_endpoints): h1(f"{i + 1}. {names[i]} ({sub_endpoint})") print(descriptions[i]) h4("Example request:") pprint(dict_of_dicts[sub_endpoint]) print()
Outputs:
# 2. Final Redirect (final_redirect) Use this endpoint to get data about anchor text used by followed external links to a target. Results are ordered by external_root_domains descending. Example request: {'page': 'seomoz.org/blog'} [...]
Write a function that hits the API
If we’re going to hit an API over and over in mostly the same way, we want to spare ourselves re-typing everything all the time. That’s why we define functions. That’s the def in the below cell. Once that cell is run, the moz() function can be used anywhere in this Notebook. You need only feed it the sub_endpoint you want to use and a Python dict of your request. It will return the API’s response.
def moz(sub_endpoint, data_dict): """Hits Moz Links API with specified endpoint and request and returns results.""" json_string = json.dumps(data_dict) endpoint = COMMON_ENDPOINT + sub_endpoint # Below, data is a string (flattened JSON) but auth is a 2-position tuple. response = requests.post(endpoint, data=json_string, auth=AUTH_TUPLE) return response
This does not output anything to the screen. It just defines the function.
Conditionally hit the API
The code uses a Python package calledb which provides a persistent dictionary-like object that can be stored on disk using the SQLite database engine. The with statement in the code sets up a context manager for the SqliteDict object, which automatically handles opening and closing the database connection. The database file is stored at ../dbs/linksapi.db
The code iterates through each sub-endpoint in the sub_endpoints list, and checks if that data has already been retrieved. If it hasn’t, the API is called using the moz() function and the result is saved in the SqliteDict. The db.commit() statement ensures that any changes made to the dictionary during the iteration are saved to the database.
The SqliteDict serves as a local cache to prevent the API from being hit every time the code block is run if the data has already been collected. By using this cache, the code reduces the number of API requests required, which is useful when working with APIs that have quota limits. Congratulations, you’re using a database!
with sqldict("../dbs/linksapi.db") as db: for sub_endpoint in sub_endpoints: if sub_endpoint not in db: print(sub_endpoint) result = moz(sub_endpoint, dict_of_dicts[sub_endpoint]) db[sub_endpoint] = result db.commit() print("API hit and response saved!") print() h2("Done")
This does not output anything to the screen. It saves the results of the API-calls to a local database.
Show the locally-stored API responses
This code uses the sqldict context manager to open the SQLite database containing the previously retrieved API data. It then iterates over the keys in the database, which correspond to the endpoints that were previously retrieved.
For each key, the code prints the endpoint name, description, and the data retrieved from the API. The pprint function is used to print the JSON data in a more human-readable format, with indentation and line breaks that make it easier to read.
with sqldict("../dbs/linksapi.db") as db: for i, key in enumerate(db): h1(f"{i + 1}. {names[i]} ({key})") print(descriptions[i]) print() pprint(db[key].json()) print()
Outputs:
1. Anchor Text (anchor_text) Use this endpoint to get data about anchor text used by followed external links to a target. Results are ordered by external_root_domains descending. {'next_token': 'KIkQVg4s9ak8iRBWDiz1qTyguYswnj035n7bYI0Lc2VvbW96IGJsb2dKBcCodcl47Q==', 'results': [{'anchor_text': 'moz', 'external_pages': 7162, 'external_root_domains': 2026}, {'anchor_text': 'moz blog', 'external_pages': 15525, 'external_root_domains': 1364}, {'anchor_text': 'the moz blog', 'external_pages': 7879, 'external_root_domains': 728}, {'anchor_text': 'seomoz', 'external_pages': 17741, 'external_root_domains': 654}, {'anchor_text': 'https://moz.com/blog', 'external_pages': 978, 'external_root_domains': 491}]} 2. Final Redirect (final_redirect) Use this endpoint to get data about anchor text used by followed external links to a target. Results are ordered by external_root_domains descending. {'page': 'moz.com/blog'} 3. Global Top Pages (global_top_pages) This endpoint returns the top 500 pages in the entire index with the highest Page Authority values, sorted by Page Authority. (Visit the Top 500 Sites list to explore the top root domains on the web, sorted by Domain Authority.) {'next_token': 'BcLbRwBmrXHK', 'results': [{'deleted_pages_to_page': 11932076, 'deleted_pages_to_root_domain': 23942663640, 'deleted_pages_to_subdomain': 21555752652, 'deleted_root_domains_to_page': 64700, 'deleted_root_domains_to_root_domain': 3688228, 'deleted_root_domains_to_subdomain': 3516235, 'domain_authority': 96, 'external_indirect_pages_to_root_domain': 5042652519, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_page': 31163, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_root_domain': 12375460748, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_subdomain': 11393036086, 'external_pages_to_page': 118102549, 'external_pages_to_root_domain': 91362310623, 'external_pages_to_subdomain': 83283626903, 'external_redirect_pages_to_page': 0, 'external_redirect_pages_to_root_domain': 445730476, 'external_redirect_pages_to_subdomain': 432323198, 'http_code': 5, 'indirect_root_domains_to_page': 0, 'indirect_root_domains_to_root_domain': 701121, 'last_crawled': '2023-01-15', 'link_propensity': 1.76710455e-05, 'nofollow_pages_from_page': 0, 'nofollow_pages_from_root_domain': 2, 'nofollow_pages_to_page': 31163, 'nofollow_pages_to_root_domain': 12375623717, 'nofollow_pages_to_subdomain': 11393036179, 'nofollow_root_domains_from_page': 0, 'nofollow_root_domains_from_root_domain': 0, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_page': 980, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_root_domain': 3696150, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_subdomain': 3622349, 'page': 'www.facebook.com/Plesk', 'page_authority': 100, 'pages_crawled_from_root_domain': 1810872, 'pages_from_page': 0, 'pages_from_root_domain': 5289, 'pages_to_page': 118102549, 'pages_to_root_domain': 91368257043, 'pages_to_subdomain': 83288001442, 'redirect_pages_to_page': 0, 'redirect_pages_to_root_domain': 447189164, 'redirect_pages_to_subdomain': 433411292, 'root_domain': 'facebook.com', 'root_domains_from_page': 0, 'root_domains_from_root_domain': 32, 'root_domains_to_page': 491956, 'root_domains_to_root_domain': 59416650, 'root_domains_to_subdomain': 50993087, 'spam_score': 1, 'subdomain': 'www.facebook.com', 'title': ''}, {'deleted_pages_to_page': 5828966, 'deleted_pages_to_root_domain': 79909678, 'deleted_pages_to_subdomain': 79909678, 'deleted_root_domains_to_page': 16552, 'deleted_root_domains_to_root_domain': 98416, 'deleted_root_domains_to_subdomain': 98416, 'domain_authority': 94, 'external_indirect_pages_to_root_domain': 1177381629, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_page': 453328699, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_root_domain': 1643990147, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_subdomain': 1643990147, 'external_pages_to_page': 456279611, 'external_pages_to_root_domain': 2808523112, 'external_pages_to_subdomain': 2808523112, 'external_redirect_pages_to_page': 125, 'external_redirect_pages_to_root_domain': 24941546, 'external_redirect_pages_to_subdomain': 24941546, 'http_code': 3, 'indirect_root_domains_to_page': 723, 'indirect_root_domains_to_root_domain': 252606, 'last_crawled': '2023-01-14', 'link_propensity': 0.118001014, 'nofollow_pages_from_page': 0, 'nofollow_pages_from_root_domain': 121166, 'nofollow_pages_to_page': 453328699, 'nofollow_pages_to_root_domain': 1644293277, 'nofollow_pages_to_subdomain': 1644293277, 'nofollow_root_domains_from_page': 0, 'nofollow_root_domains_from_root_domain': 67627, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_page': 9800973, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_root_domain': 4959747, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_subdomain': 4959747, 'page': 'wordpress.com/?ref=footer_blog', 'page_authority': 100, 'pages_crawled_from_root_domain': 1731019, 'pages_from_page': 0, 'pages_from_root_domain': 1080338, 'pages_to_page': 456293004, 'pages_to_root_domain': 2817137385, 'pages_to_subdomain': 2817137385, 'redirect_pages_to_page': 125, 'redirect_pages_to_root_domain': 25449067, 'redirect_pages_to_subdomain': 25449067, 'root_domain': 'wordpress.com', 'root_domains_from_page': 0, 'root_domains_from_root_domain': 204262, 'root_domains_to_page': 9878742, 'root_domains_to_root_domain': 12653294, 'root_domains_to_subdomain': 12653294, 'spam_score': 1, 'subdomain': 'wordpress.com', 'title': ''}, {'deleted_pages_to_page': 3904778, 'deleted_pages_to_root_domain': 23942663640, 'deleted_pages_to_subdomain': 21555752652, 'deleted_root_domains_to_page': 11671, 'deleted_root_domains_to_root_domain': 3688228, 'deleted_root_domains_to_subdomain': 3516235, 'domain_authority': 96, 'external_indirect_pages_to_root_domain': 5042652519, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_page': 4449343, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_root_domain': 12375460748, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_subdomain': 11393036086, 'external_pages_to_page': 59602588, 'external_pages_to_root_domain': 91362310623, 'external_pages_to_subdomain': 83283626903, 'external_redirect_pages_to_page': 12625, 'external_redirect_pages_to_root_domain': 445730476, 'external_redirect_pages_to_subdomain': 432323198, 'http_code': 5, 'indirect_root_domains_to_page': 1632, 'indirect_root_domains_to_root_domain': 701121, 'last_crawled': '2023-01-16', 'link_propensity': 1.76710455e-05, 'nofollow_pages_from_page': 0, 'nofollow_pages_from_root_domain': 2, 'nofollow_pages_to_page': 4449343, 'nofollow_pages_to_root_domain': 12375623717, 'nofollow_pages_to_subdomain': 11393036179, 'nofollow_root_domains_from_page': 0, 'nofollow_root_domains_from_root_domain': 0, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_page': 28624, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_root_domain': 3696150, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_subdomain': 3622349, 'page': 'www.facebook.com/home.php', 'page_authority': 100, 'pages_crawled_from_root_domain': 1810872, 'pages_from_page': 0, 'pages_from_root_domain': 5289, 'pages_to_page': 59602589, 'pages_to_root_domain': 91368257043, 'pages_to_subdomain': 83288001442, 'redirect_pages_to_page': 12626, 'redirect_pages_to_root_domain': 447189164, 'redirect_pages_to_subdomain': 433411292, 'root_domain': 'facebook.com', 'root_domains_from_page': 0, 'root_domains_from_root_domain': 32, 'root_domains_to_page': 239697, 'root_domains_to_root_domain': 59416650, 'root_domains_to_subdomain': 50993087, 'spam_score': 1, 'subdomain': 'www.facebook.com', 'title': ''}, {'deleted_pages_to_page': 3440567, 'deleted_pages_to_root_domain': 3440700, 'deleted_pages_to_subdomain': 3440700, 'deleted_root_domains_to_page': 60839, 'deleted_root_domains_to_root_domain': 60840, 'deleted_root_domains_to_subdomain': 60840, 'domain_authority': 1, 'external_indirect_pages_to_root_domain': 7, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_page': 288, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_root_domain': 1499, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_subdomain': 1499, 'external_pages_to_page': 140954613, 'external_pages_to_root_domain': 140959216, 'external_pages_to_subdomain': 140959213, 'external_redirect_pages_to_page': 70, 'external_redirect_pages_to_root_domain': 70, 'external_redirect_pages_to_subdomain': 70, 'http_code': 200, 'indirect_root_domains_to_page': 0, 'indirect_root_domains_to_root_domain': 0, 'last_crawled': '2018-02-05', 'link_propensity': 0.3998428881, 'nofollow_pages_from_page': 12, 'nofollow_pages_from_root_domain': 805, 'nofollow_pages_to_page': 288, 'nofollow_pages_to_root_domain': 10799, 'nofollow_pages_to_subdomain': 10799, 'nofollow_root_domains_from_page': 2, 'nofollow_root_domains_from_root_domain': 7, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_page': 30, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_root_domain': 30, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_subdomain': 30, 'page': 'music.skyrock.com/', 'page_authority': 100, 'pages_crawled_from_root_domain': 2546, 'pages_from_page': 61, 'pages_from_root_domain': 3382, 'pages_to_page': 140956009, 'pages_to_root_domain': 141008586, 'pages_to_subdomain': 141008583, 'redirect_pages_to_page': 70, 'redirect_pages_to_root_domain': 70, 'redirect_pages_to_subdomain': 70, 'root_domain': 'music.skyrock.com', 'root_domains_from_page': 19, 'root_domains_from_root_domain': 1018, 'root_domains_to_page': 10609865, 'root_domains_to_root_domain': 10609868, 'root_domains_to_subdomain': 10609868, 'spam_score': 9, 'subdomain': 'music.skyrock.com', 'title': 'Blog de Music - DES NEWS, DES CLIPS, DES INTERVIEWS - ' 'Skyrock.com'}, {'deleted_pages_to_page': 64159924, 'deleted_pages_to_root_domain': 17641375891, 'deleted_pages_to_subdomain': 336246205, 'deleted_root_domains_to_page': 63574, 'deleted_root_domains_to_root_domain': 1728606, 'deleted_root_domains_to_subdomain': 234073, 'domain_authority': 100, 'external_indirect_pages_to_root_domain': 19281720347, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_page': 34635431, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_root_domain': 7885369442, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_subdomain': 184067821, 'external_pages_to_page': 285612569, 'external_pages_to_root_domain': 55013651418, 'external_pages_to_subdomain': 1492976347, 'external_redirect_pages_to_page': 593282, 'external_redirect_pages_to_root_domain': 250423075, 'external_redirect_pages_to_subdomain': 5678006, 'http_code': 302, 'indirect_root_domains_to_page': 1072, 'indirect_root_domains_to_root_domain': 231256, 'last_crawled': '2023-04-01', 'link_propensity': 0.006248265505, 'nofollow_pages_from_page': 0, 'nofollow_pages_from_root_domain': 991472, 'nofollow_pages_to_page': 34635436, 'nofollow_pages_to_root_domain': 7948674425, 'nofollow_pages_to_subdomain': 184068512, 'nofollow_root_domains_from_page': 0, 'nofollow_root_domains_from_root_domain': 182393, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_page': 126656, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_root_domain': 2322389, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_subdomain': 304381, 'page': 'youtube.com/', 'page_authority': 100, 'pages_crawled_from_root_domain': 41258009, 'pages_from_page': 0, 'pages_from_root_domain': 11109186, 'pages_to_page': 285612606, 'pages_to_root_domain': 55255620288, 'pages_to_subdomain': 1493073570, 'redirect_pages_to_page': 593282, 'redirect_pages_to_root_domain': 263224806, 'redirect_pages_to_subdomain': 5678383, 'root_domain': 'youtube.com', 'root_domains_from_page': 0, 'root_domains_from_root_domain': 257791, 'root_domains_to_page': 598403, 'root_domains_to_root_domain': 23134271, 'root_domains_to_subdomain': 1927717, 'spam_score': 4, 'subdomain': 'youtube.com', 'title': ''}]} 4. Global Top Root Domains (global_top_root_domains) This endpoint returns the top 500 pages in the entire index with the highest Page Authority values, sorted by Page Authority. (Visit the Top 500 Sites list to explore the top root domains on the web, sorted by Domain Authority.) {'next_token': 'BcLbRwBmrXHK', 'results': [{'domain_authority': 100, 'link_propensity': 0.006248265505, 'root_domain': 'youtube.com', 'root_domains_to_root_domain': 23134271, 'spam_score': 4, 'to_target': {'deleted_pages': 0, 'nofollow_pages': 0, 'pages': 0, 'redirect_pages': 0}}, {'domain_authority': 100, 'link_propensity': 0.008422264829, 'root_domain': 'www.google.com', 'root_domains_to_root_domain': 14723695, 'spam_score': 14, 'to_target': {'deleted_pages': 0, 'nofollow_pages': 0, 'pages': 0, 'redirect_pages': 0}}, {'domain_authority': 100, 'link_propensity': 0.0001607139566, 'root_domain': 'www.blogger.com', 'root_domains_to_root_domain': 30580427, 'spam_score': -1, 'to_target': {'deleted_pages': 0, 'nofollow_pages': 0, 'pages': 0, 'redirect_pages': 0}}, {'domain_authority': 99, 'link_propensity': 0.04834850505, 'root_domain': 'linkedin.com', 'root_domains_to_root_domain': 12339087, 'spam_score': 1, 'to_target': {'deleted_pages': 0, 'nofollow_pages': 0, 'pages': 0, 'redirect_pages': 0}}, {'domain_authority': 99, 'link_propensity': 0.006264935713, 'root_domain': 'microsoft.com', 'root_domains_to_root_domain': 5344181, 'spam_score': 11, 'to_target': {'deleted_pages': 0, 'nofollow_pages': 0, 'pages': 0, 'redirect_pages': 0}}]} 5. Index Metadata (index_metadata) This endpoint returns the top 500 pages in the entire index with the highest Page Authority values, sorted by Page Authority. (Visit the Top 500 Sites list to explore the top root domains on the web, sorted by Domain Authority.) {'index_id': 'NE+lX5bFh06baS9ojUwVbw==', 'spam_score_update_days': ['2019-02-08', '2020-03-28', '2020-08-03', '2020-11-13', '2021-02-24', '2021-05-19', '2021-08-16', '2021-11-02', '2022-02-01', '2022-05-10', '2022-11-16']} 6. Link Intersect (link_intersect) Use this endpoint to get sources that link to at least one of a list of positive targets and don't link to any of a list of negative targets. {'next_token': 'AcmY2oCXQbbg', 'results': [{'domain_authority': 100, 'matching_target_indexes': [0], 'page': 'www.google.com/amp/www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-aliso-viejo-shooting-20171012-story,amp.html', 'spam_score': 14, 'title': ''}]} 7. Link Status (link_status) Use this endpoint to get information about links from many sources to a single target. {'exists': [False, False]} 8. Linking Root Domains (linking_root_domains) Use this endpoint to get linking root domains to a target. {'next_token': 'IokQVg4s9ak8iRBWDiz1qTyguYswnj035qBkmE3DU+JTtwAVhsjH7R6XUA==', 'results': [{'domain_authority': 99, 'link_propensity': 0.006264935713, 'root_domain': 'microsoft.com', 'root_domains_to_root_domain': 5344181, 'spam_score': 11, 'to_target': {'deleted_pages': 0, 'nofollow_pages': 0, 'pages': 2, 'redirect_pages': 0}}, {'domain_authority': 98, 'link_propensity': 0.02977741137, 'root_domain': 'wordpress.org', 'root_domains_to_root_domain': 12250296, 'spam_score': 2, 'to_target': {'deleted_pages': 0, 'nofollow_pages': 2, 'pages': 2, 'redirect_pages': 0}}, {'domain_authority': 96, 'link_propensity': 0.09679271281, 'root_domain': 'github.com', 'root_domains_to_root_domain': 2948013, 'spam_score': 2, 'to_target': {'deleted_pages': 0, 'nofollow_pages': 12, 'pages': 12, 'redirect_pages': 0}}, {'domain_authority': 96, 'link_propensity': 0.004641198553, 'root_domain': 'amazon.com', 'root_domains_to_root_domain': 5023132, 'spam_score': 28, 'to_target': {'deleted_pages': 0, 'nofollow_pages': 0, 'pages': 2, 'redirect_pages': 0}}, {'domain_authority': 95, 'link_propensity': 0.005770479795, 'root_domain': 'shopify.com', 'root_domains_to_root_domain': 2948087, 'spam_score': 1, 'to_target': {'deleted_pages': 3, 'nofollow_pages': 0, 'pages': 0, 'redirect_pages': 0}}]} 9. Links (links) Use this endpoint to get links to a target. {'next_token': 'AVvpJ4gPPvOY', 'results': [{'anchor_text': 'moz blog', 'date_disappeared': '', 'date_first_seen': '2020-06-29', 'date_last_seen': '2023-01-14', 'nofollow': True, 'redirect': False, 'rel_canonical': False, 'source': {'deleted_pages_to_page': 570, 'deleted_pages_to_root_domain': 1251501128, 'deleted_pages_to_subdomain': 1182759912, 'deleted_root_domains_to_page': 34, 'deleted_root_domains_to_root_domain': 322790, 'deleted_root_domains_to_subdomain': 314554, 'domain_authority': 96, 'external_indirect_pages_to_root_domain': 863103308, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_page': 1407, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_root_domain': 667480081, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_subdomain': 650421076, 'external_pages_to_page': 3710, 'external_pages_to_root_domain': 5309615021, 'external_pages_to_subdomain': 5086141938, 'external_redirect_pages_to_page': 14, 'external_redirect_pages_to_root_domain': 143685025, 'external_redirect_pages_to_subdomain': 142061138, 'http_code': 200, 'indirect_root_domains_to_page': 2, 'indirect_root_domains_to_root_domain': 180014, 'last_crawled': '2023-01-14', 'link_propensity': 0.09679271281, 'nofollow_pages_from_page': 199, 'nofollow_pages_from_root_domain': 7541042, 'nofollow_pages_to_page': 1407, 'nofollow_pages_to_root_domain': 678014273, 'nofollow_pages_to_subdomain': 660443683, 'nofollow_root_domains_from_page': 93, 'nofollow_root_domains_from_root_domain': 564314, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_page': 58, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_root_domain': 186407, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_subdomain': 171632, 'page': 'github.com/mezod/awesome-indie', 'page_authority': 68, 'pages_crawled_from_root_domain': 7254823, 'pages_from_page': 202, 'pages_from_root_domain': 8613796, 'pages_to_page': 3746, 'pages_to_root_domain': 5628821927, 'pages_to_subdomain': 5352019489, 'redirect_pages_to_page': 14, 'redirect_pages_to_root_domain': 145613441, 'redirect_pages_to_subdomain': 142856036, 'root_domain': 'github.com', 'root_domains_from_page': 96, 'root_domains_from_root_domain': 702214, 'root_domains_to_page': 231, 'root_domains_to_root_domain': 2948013, 'root_domains_to_subdomain': 2857538, 'spam_score': 2, 'subdomain': 'github.com', 'title': 'GitHub - mezod/awesome-indie: Resources for ' 'independent developers to make money'}, 'target': {'deleted_pages_to_page': 169073, 'deleted_pages_to_root_domain': 19022927, 'deleted_pages_to_subdomain': 18554702, 'deleted_root_domains_to_page': 1457, 'deleted_root_domains_to_root_domain': 27522, 'deleted_root_domains_to_subdomain': 27273, 'domain_authority': 91, 'external_indirect_pages_to_root_domain': 45290099, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_page': 7388, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_root_domain': 17425478, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_subdomain': 17269297, 'external_pages_to_page': 553261, 'external_pages_to_root_domain': 69376449, 'external_pages_to_subdomain': 68746190, 'external_redirect_pages_to_page': 265, 'external_redirect_pages_to_root_domain': 41112725, 'external_redirect_pages_to_subdomain': 41109338, 'http_code': 200, 'indirect_root_domains_to_page': 2219, 'indirect_root_domains_to_root_domain': 28779, 'last_crawled': '2023-04-02', 'link_propensity': 0.008849279955, 'nofollow_pages_from_page': 0, 'nofollow_pages_from_root_domain': 209067, 'nofollow_pages_to_page': 7388, 'nofollow_pages_to_root_domain': 17442464, 'nofollow_pages_to_subdomain': 17285191, 'nofollow_root_domains_from_page': 0, 'nofollow_root_domains_from_root_domain': 55943, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_page': 1727, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_root_domain': 37789, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_subdomain': 37690, 'page': 'moz.com/blog', 'page_authority': 69, 'pages_crawled_from_root_domain': 7872618, 'pages_from_page': 7, 'pages_from_root_domain': 343751, 'pages_to_page': 906052, 'pages_to_root_domain': 98442581, 'pages_to_subdomain': 97352802, 'redirect_pages_to_page': 746, 'redirect_pages_to_root_domain': 47575576, 'redirect_pages_to_subdomain': 47570092, 'root_domain': 'moz.com', 'root_domains_from_page': 5, 'root_domains_from_root_domain': 69667, 'root_domains_to_page': 9712, 'root_domains_to_root_domain': 179884, 'root_domains_to_subdomain': 178649, 'spam_score': 1, 'subdomain': 'moz.com', 'title': 'The Moz Blog [SEO] - Moz'}, 'via_redirect': False, 'via_rel_canonical': False}]} 10. Top Pages (top_pages) This endpoint returns top pages on a target domain. {'next_token': 'BXULGXd3IggK', 'results': [{'deleted_pages_to_page': 1963527, 'deleted_pages_to_root_domain': 19022927, 'deleted_pages_to_subdomain': 18554702, 'deleted_root_domains_to_page': 6527, 'deleted_root_domains_to_root_domain': 27522, 'deleted_root_domains_to_subdomain': 27273, 'domain_authority': 91, 'external_indirect_pages_to_root_domain': 45290099, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_page': 9684724, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_root_domain': 17425478, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_subdomain': 17269297, 'external_pages_to_page': 14981546, 'external_pages_to_root_domain': 69376449, 'external_pages_to_subdomain': 68746190, 'external_redirect_pages_to_page': 3632556, 'external_redirect_pages_to_root_domain': 41112725, 'external_redirect_pages_to_subdomain': 41109338, 'http_code': 200, 'indirect_root_domains_to_page': 10580, 'indirect_root_domains_to_root_domain': 28779, 'last_crawled': '2023-04-01', 'link_propensity': 0.008849279955, 'nofollow_pages_from_page': 0, 'nofollow_pages_from_root_domain': 209067, 'nofollow_pages_to_page': 9684724, 'nofollow_pages_to_root_domain': 17442464, 'nofollow_pages_to_subdomain': 17285191, 'nofollow_root_domains_from_page': 0, 'nofollow_root_domains_from_root_domain': 55943, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_page': 8749, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_root_domain': 37789, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_subdomain': 37690, 'page': 'moz.com/', 'page_authority': 74, 'pages_crawled_from_root_domain': 7872618, 'pages_from_page': 7, 'pages_from_root_domain': 343751, 'pages_to_page': 15343034, 'pages_to_root_domain': 98442581, 'pages_to_subdomain': 97352802, 'redirect_pages_to_page': 3633007, 'redirect_pages_to_root_domain': 47575576, 'redirect_pages_to_subdomain': 47570092, 'root_domain': 'moz.com', 'root_domains_from_page': 5, 'root_domains_from_root_domain': 69667, 'root_domains_to_page': 41190, 'root_domains_to_root_domain': 179884, 'root_domains_to_subdomain': 178649, 'spam_score': 1, 'subdomain': 'moz.com', 'title': 'Moz - SEO Software for Smarter Marketing'}, {'deleted_pages_to_page': 185579, 'deleted_pages_to_root_domain': 19022927, 'deleted_pages_to_subdomain': 18554702, 'deleted_root_domains_to_page': 2440, 'deleted_root_domains_to_root_domain': 27522, 'deleted_root_domains_to_subdomain': 27273, 'domain_authority': 91, 'external_indirect_pages_to_root_domain': 45290099, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_page': 11211, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_root_domain': 17425478, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_subdomain': 17269297, 'external_pages_to_page': 424268, 'external_pages_to_root_domain': 69376449, 'external_pages_to_subdomain': 68746190, 'external_redirect_pages_to_page': 348, 'external_redirect_pages_to_root_domain': 41112725, 'external_redirect_pages_to_subdomain': 41109338, 'http_code': 200, 'indirect_root_domains_to_page': 1389, 'indirect_root_domains_to_root_domain': 28779, 'last_crawled': '2023-04-03', 'link_propensity': 0.008849279955, 'nofollow_pages_from_page': 0, 'nofollow_pages_from_root_domain': 209067, 'nofollow_pages_to_page': 11211, 'nofollow_pages_to_root_domain': 17442464, 'nofollow_pages_to_subdomain': 17285191, 'nofollow_root_domains_from_page': 0, 'nofollow_root_domains_from_root_domain': 55943, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_page': 2487, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_root_domain': 37789, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_subdomain': 37690, 'page': 'moz.com/beginners-guide-to-seo', 'page_authority': 72, 'pages_crawled_from_root_domain': 7872618, 'pages_from_page': 7, 'pages_from_root_domain': 343751, 'pages_to_page': 786960, 'pages_to_root_domain': 98442581, 'pages_to_subdomain': 97352802, 'redirect_pages_to_page': 365, 'redirect_pages_to_root_domain': 47575576, 'redirect_pages_to_subdomain': 47570092, 'root_domain': 'moz.com', 'root_domains_from_page': 5, 'root_domains_from_root_domain': 69667, 'root_domains_to_page': 15276, 'root_domains_to_root_domain': 179884, 'root_domains_to_subdomain': 178649, 'spam_score': 1, 'subdomain': 'moz.com', 'title': "Beginner's Guide to SEO [plus FREE quick start " 'checklist] - Moz'}, {'deleted_pages_to_page': 7159, 'deleted_pages_to_root_domain': 19022927, 'deleted_pages_to_subdomain': 18554702, 'deleted_root_domains_to_page': 1382, 'deleted_root_domains_to_root_domain': 27522, 'deleted_root_domains_to_subdomain': 27273, 'domain_authority': 91, 'external_indirect_pages_to_root_domain': 45290099, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_page': 8605, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_root_domain': 17425478, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_subdomain': 17269297, 'external_pages_to_page': 34152, 'external_pages_to_root_domain': 69376449, 'external_pages_to_subdomain': 68746190, 'external_redirect_pages_to_page': 70, 'external_redirect_pages_to_root_domain': 41112725, 'external_redirect_pages_to_subdomain': 41109338, 'http_code': 200, 'indirect_root_domains_to_page': 782, 'indirect_root_domains_to_root_domain': 28779, 'last_crawled': '2023-04-03', 'link_propensity': 0.008849279955, 'nofollow_pages_from_page': 0, 'nofollow_pages_from_root_domain': 209067, 'nofollow_pages_to_page': 8754, 'nofollow_pages_to_root_domain': 17442464, 'nofollow_pages_to_subdomain': 17285191, 'nofollow_root_domains_from_page': 0, 'nofollow_root_domains_from_root_domain': 55943, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_page': 1380, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_root_domain': 37789, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_subdomain': 37690, 'page': 'moz.com/google-algorithm-change', 'page_authority': 70, 'pages_crawled_from_root_domain': 7872618, 'pages_from_page': 420, 'pages_from_root_domain': 343751, 'pages_to_page': 35181, 'pages_to_root_domain': 98442581, 'pages_to_subdomain': 97352802, 'redirect_pages_to_page': 73, 'redirect_pages_to_root_domain': 47575576, 'redirect_pages_to_subdomain': 47570092, 'root_domain': 'moz.com', 'root_domains_from_page': 60, 'root_domains_from_root_domain': 69667, 'root_domains_to_page': 8881, 'root_domains_to_root_domain': 179884, 'root_domains_to_subdomain': 178649, 'spam_score': 1, 'subdomain': 'moz.com', 'title': 'Moz - Google Algorithm Update History'}, {'deleted_pages_to_page': 33133, 'deleted_pages_to_root_domain': 19022927, 'deleted_pages_to_subdomain': 18554702, 'deleted_root_domains_to_page': 1192, 'deleted_root_domains_to_root_domain': 27522, 'deleted_root_domains_to_subdomain': 27273, 'domain_authority': 91, 'external_indirect_pages_to_root_domain': 45290099, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_page': 31500, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_root_domain': 17425478, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_subdomain': 17269297, 'external_pages_to_page': 70673, 'external_pages_to_root_domain': 69376449, 'external_pages_to_subdomain': 68746190, 'external_redirect_pages_to_page': 77, 'external_redirect_pages_to_root_domain': 41112725, 'external_redirect_pages_to_subdomain': 41109338, 'http_code': 301, 'indirect_root_domains_to_page': 315, 'indirect_root_domains_to_root_domain': 28779, 'last_crawled': '2023-04-02', 'link_propensity': 0.008849279955, 'nofollow_pages_from_page': 0, 'nofollow_pages_from_root_domain': 209067, 'nofollow_pages_to_page': 31628, 'nofollow_pages_to_root_domain': 17442464, 'nofollow_pages_to_subdomain': 17285191, 'nofollow_root_domains_from_page': 0, 'nofollow_root_domains_from_root_domain': 55943, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_page': 1689, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_root_domain': 37789, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_subdomain': 37690, 'page': 'moz.com/researchtools/ose/', 'page_authority': 70, 'pages_crawled_from_root_domain': 7872618, 'pages_from_page': 0, 'pages_from_root_domain': 343751, 'pages_to_page': 344305, 'pages_to_root_domain': 98442581, 'pages_to_subdomain': 97352802, 'redirect_pages_to_page': 78, 'redirect_pages_to_root_domain': 47575576, 'redirect_pages_to_subdomain': 47570092, 'root_domain': 'moz.com', 'root_domains_from_page': 0, 'root_domains_from_root_domain': 69667, 'root_domains_to_page': 8086, 'root_domains_to_root_domain': 179884, 'root_domains_to_subdomain': 178649, 'spam_score': 1, 'subdomain': 'moz.com', 'title': ''}, {'deleted_pages_to_page': 169073, 'deleted_pages_to_root_domain': 19022927, 'deleted_pages_to_subdomain': 18554702, 'deleted_root_domains_to_page': 1457, 'deleted_root_domains_to_root_domain': 27522, 'deleted_root_domains_to_subdomain': 27273, 'domain_authority': 91, 'external_indirect_pages_to_root_domain': 45290099, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_page': 7388, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_root_domain': 17425478, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_subdomain': 17269297, 'external_pages_to_page': 553261, 'external_pages_to_root_domain': 69376449, 'external_pages_to_subdomain': 68746190, 'external_redirect_pages_to_page': 265, 'external_redirect_pages_to_root_domain': 41112725, 'external_redirect_pages_to_subdomain': 41109338, 'http_code': 200, 'indirect_root_domains_to_page': 2219, 'indirect_root_domains_to_root_domain': 28779, 'last_crawled': '2023-04-02', 'link_propensity': 0.008849279955, 'nofollow_pages_from_page': 0, 'nofollow_pages_from_root_domain': 209067, 'nofollow_pages_to_page': 7388, 'nofollow_pages_to_root_domain': 17442464, 'nofollow_pages_to_subdomain': 17285191, 'nofollow_root_domains_from_page': 0, 'nofollow_root_domains_from_root_domain': 55943, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_page': 1727, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_root_domain': 37789, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_subdomain': 37690, 'page': 'moz.com/blog', 'page_authority': 69, 'pages_crawled_from_root_domain': 7872618, 'pages_from_page': 7, 'pages_from_root_domain': 343751, 'pages_to_page': 906052, 'pages_to_root_domain': 98442581, 'pages_to_subdomain': 97352802, 'redirect_pages_to_page': 746, 'redirect_pages_to_root_domain': 47575576, 'redirect_pages_to_subdomain': 47570092, 'root_domain': 'moz.com', 'root_domains_from_page': 5, 'root_domains_from_root_domain': 69667, 'root_domains_to_page': 9712, 'root_domains_to_root_domain': 179884, 'root_domains_to_subdomain': 178649, 'spam_score': 1, 'subdomain': 'moz.com', 'title': 'The Moz Blog [SEO] - Moz'}]} 11. URL Metrics (url_metrics) Use this endpoint to get metrics about one or more urls. {'results': [{'deleted_pages_to_page': 1963527, 'deleted_pages_to_root_domain': 19022927, 'deleted_pages_to_subdomain': 18554702, 'deleted_root_domains_to_page': 6527, 'deleted_root_domains_to_root_domain': 27522, 'deleted_root_domains_to_subdomain': 27273, 'domain_authority': 91, 'external_indirect_pages_to_root_domain': 45290099, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_page': 9684724, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_root_domain': 17425478, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_subdomain': 17269297, 'external_pages_to_page': 14981546, 'external_pages_to_root_domain': 69376449, 'external_pages_to_subdomain': 68746190, 'external_redirect_pages_to_page': 3632556, 'external_redirect_pages_to_root_domain': 41112725, 'external_redirect_pages_to_subdomain': 41109338, 'http_code': 200, 'indirect_root_domains_to_page': 10580, 'indirect_root_domains_to_root_domain': 28779, 'last_crawled': '2023-04-01', 'link_propensity': 0.008849279955, 'nofollow_pages_from_page': 0, 'nofollow_pages_from_root_domain': 209067, 'nofollow_pages_to_page': 9684724, 'nofollow_pages_to_root_domain': 17442464, 'nofollow_pages_to_subdomain': 17285191, 'nofollow_root_domains_from_page': 0, 'nofollow_root_domains_from_root_domain': 55943, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_page': 8749, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_root_domain': 37789, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_subdomain': 37690, 'page': 'moz.com/', 'page_authority': 74, 'pages_crawled_from_root_domain': 7872618, 'pages_from_page': 7, 'pages_from_root_domain': 343751, 'pages_to_page': 15343034, 'pages_to_root_domain': 98442581, 'pages_to_subdomain': 97352802, 'redirect_pages_to_page': 3633007, 'redirect_pages_to_root_domain': 47575576, 'redirect_pages_to_subdomain': 47570092, 'root_domain': 'moz.com', 'root_domains_from_page': 5, 'root_domains_from_root_domain': 69667, 'root_domains_to_page': 41190, 'root_domains_to_root_domain': 179884, 'root_domains_to_subdomain': 178649, 'spam_score': 1, 'subdomain': 'moz.com', 'title': 'Moz - SEO Software for Smarter Marketing'}, {'deleted_pages_to_page': 249094, 'deleted_pages_to_root_domain': 224212706, 'deleted_pages_to_subdomain': 898844, 'deleted_root_domains_to_page': 3696, 'deleted_root_domains_to_root_domain': 177001, 'deleted_root_domains_to_subdomain': 9251, 'domain_authority': 95, 'external_indirect_pages_to_root_domain': 156562794, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_page': 163849, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_root_domain': 72093550, 'external_nofollow_pages_to_subdomain': 294697, 'external_pages_to_page': 1165187, 'external_pages_to_root_domain': 514661963, 'external_pages_to_subdomain': 2310818, 'external_redirect_pages_to_page': 3049, 'external_redirect_pages_to_root_domain': 4827448, 'external_redirect_pages_to_subdomain': 8140, 'http_code': 301, 'indirect_root_domains_to_page': 1439, 'indirect_root_domains_to_root_domain': 30315, 'last_crawled': '2023-03-31', 'link_propensity': 0.02704063244, 'nofollow_pages_from_page': 0, 'nofollow_pages_from_root_domain': 97163, 'nofollow_pages_to_page': 163881, 'nofollow_pages_to_root_domain': 72644206, 'nofollow_pages_to_subdomain': 294765, 'nofollow_root_domains_from_page': 0, 'nofollow_root_domains_from_root_domain': 22711, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_page': 5647, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_root_domain': 178651, 'nofollow_root_domains_to_subdomain': 11590, 'page': 'nytimes.com/', 'page_authority': 82, 'pages_crawled_from_root_domain': 13567138, 'pages_from_page': 0, 'pages_from_root_domain': 3152122, 'pages_to_page': 1170498, 'pages_to_root_domain': 763781494, 'pages_to_subdomain': 2489707, 'redirect_pages_to_page': 3053, 'redirect_pages_to_root_domain': 9268395, 'redirect_pages_to_subdomain': 14273, 'root_domain': 'nytimes.com', 'root_domains_from_page': 0, 'root_domains_from_root_domain': 366864, 'root_domains_to_page': 25307, 'root_domains_to_root_domain': 2200598, 'root_domains_to_subdomain': 62699, 'spam_score': 1, 'subdomain': 'nytimes.com', 'title': ''}]} 12. Usage Data (usage_data) This endpoint Returns the number of rows consumed so far in the current billing period. The count returned might not reflect rows consumed in the last hour. The count returned reflects rows consumed by requests to both the v1 (Moz Links API) and v2 Links APIs. {'rows_consumed': 254}
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