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Why Do Core Web Vitals Scores Always Change?

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John Mueller answered a question in the SEO Office-hours session about why the core web vitals scores keep changing even though the web pages themselves have not changed.

There are two kinds of core web vitals scores:

  1. Field Data
    These are the core web vitals scores that are recorded from actual visitors visiting a website in the real world.
    The purpose of Field Data is to show the real-world user experience of actual site visitors to a given site.
  2. Lab Data
    These are core web vitals scores that are generated by a simulated visit. A bot from Google Lighthouse that is using a user agent identified as Chrome/94.0.4590.2 will visit the page that is being tested and an algorithm will simulate that the visit was on a mobile phone and on a throttled internet connection. The page loading information is collected and an artificial core web vitals score generated.The purpose of Lab Data is diagnostic. Lab Data helps a site publisher or an SEO troubleshoot web page performance. Lab Data provides information that will help a publisher or an SEO understand what is slowing down the web page and provide hints for fixing the problems.

Screenshot of John Mueller Discussing Core Web Vitals Scores

Google's john mueller discussing core web vitals scores

Lab Data is generated using Google’s Lighthouse tool.

In fact, the bot that visits a site when generating the core web vitals scores for the lab data uses the word Lighthouse in the user agent.

According to the official Lighthouse web page:

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“Lighthouse is an open-source, automated tool for improving the quality of web pages.

…It has audits for performance, accessibility, progressive web apps, SEO and more.

You can run Lighthouse in Chrome DevTools, from the command line, or as a Node module. You give Lighthouse a URL to audit, it runs a series of audits against the page, and then it generates a report on how well the page did.

From there, use the failing audits as indicators on how to improve the page. Each audit has a reference doc explaining why the audit is important, as well as how to fix it.”

Core Web Vitals Scores Keep Changing

The question that John Mueller answered didn’t specify if it was about field data or lab data.

The person asking the question simply asked when does the core web vitals scores stop changing, without specifying field data or lab data.

Mueller answered the question from the point of view of Field Data, which is the core web vitals scores based on real-world visitors.

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This is the question that was asked:

“When does the core web vitals give steady and correct information?

It keeps changing without changing any data on the website.”

Core Web Vitals Scores Are Influenced by Random Factors

The answer focused on the randomness of the data that is used to generate the core web vitals field data.

John Mueller answered:

“So, I think this is probably a side effect of how the core web vitals and the page experience update is processed.

And that’s something where I would try to look up those details to understand a little bit more about how the field data, …the data that users actually see, kind of plays a role into this.

And that is something where if users from a wide variety of backgrounds and different locations and different device types access your pages, you will probably see some fluctuations over time there as well.”

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Internet Speeds Vary

A fast server and a fast website is only one part of obtaining a high core web vitals score and it’s the only part that’s under the control of the SEO or site publisher.

As John Mueller said, there are a wide variety of other factors that influence the core web vitals scores and many of those factors cannot always be controlled.

Even if a website is hosted on a fast dedicated server, network congestion, an outdated cell phone used by a site visitor and a poor mobile data connection can all significantly impact the core web vitals performance of an otherwise fast website, thereby contributing to a less than good core web vitals score on the field data.

And some site visitors might be on a newer model cell phone that has a powerful processor that is operating on a newer 5G network. That site visitor will generate high scores on the core web vitals field data.

Things like network latency (how slow the entire Internet is at any given moment) can also affect both the real-world field data and the simulated lab data.

So even though the lab data is not a real visitor, an actual Chrome browser-based bot is traveling through the Internet to visit the web page being tested. And that will also affect the simulated lab data scores.

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Google’s Web.dev website published an explainer about why the field data is always changing and not always the same from month to month.

Web.dev explains it like this:

“The most important thing to understand about field data is that it is not just one number, it’s a distribution of numbers. That is, for some people who visit your site, it may load very quickly, while for others it may load very slowly.

The field data for your site is the complete set of all performance data collected from your users.

As an example, CrUX reports show a distribution of performance metrics from real Chrome users over a 28-day period. If you look at almost any CrUX report you can see that some users who visit a site might have a very good experience while others might have a very poor experience.”

Whether you’re testing a site for lab data or reviewing the real-world field data, the core web vitals scores will tend to fluctuate and likely not provide a stable score month after month.

Citation

When Do Core Web Vitals Scores Settle Down?

Watch John Mueller answer the question at the 19:05 minute mark:

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Google Declares It The “Gemini Era” As Revenue Grows 15%

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A person holding a smartphone displaying the Google Gemini Era logo, with a blurred background of stock market charts.

Alphabet Inc., Google’s parent company, announced its first quarter 2024 financial results today.

While Google reported double-digit growth in key revenue areas, the focus was on its AI developments, dubbed the “Gemini era” by CEO Sundar Pichai.

The Numbers: 15% Revenue Growth, Operating Margins Expand

Alphabet reported Q1 revenues of $80.5 billion, a 15% increase year-over-year, exceeding Wall Street’s projections.

Net income was $23.7 billion, with diluted earnings per share of $1.89. Operating margins expanded to 32%, up from 25% in the prior year.

Ruth Porat, Alphabet’s President and CFO, stated:

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“Our strong financial results reflect revenue strength across the company and ongoing efforts to durably reengineer our cost base.”

Google’s core advertising units, such as Search and YouTube, drove growth. Google advertising revenues hit $61.7 billion for the quarter.

The Cloud division also maintained momentum, with revenues of $9.6 billion, up 28% year-over-year.

Pichai highlighted that YouTube and Cloud are expected to exit 2024 at a combined $100 billion annual revenue run rate.

Generative AI Integration in Search

Google experimented with AI-powered features in Search Labs before recently introducing AI overviews into the main search results page.

Regarding the gradual rollout, Pichai states:

“We are being measured in how we do this, focusing on areas where gen AI can improve the Search experience, while also prioritizing traffic to websites and merchants.”

Pichai reports that Google’s generative AI features have answered over a billion queries already:

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“We’ve already served billions of queries with our generative AI features. It’s enabling people to access new information, to ask questions in new ways, and to ask more complex questions.”

Google reports increased Search usage and user satisfaction among those interacting with the new AI overview results.

The company also highlighted its “Circle to Search” feature on Android, which allows users to circle objects on their screen or in videos to get instant AI-powered answers via Google Lens.

Reorganizing For The “Gemini Era”

As part of the AI roadmap, Alphabet is consolidating all teams building AI models under the Google DeepMind umbrella.

Pichai revealed that, through hardware and software improvements, the company has reduced machine costs associated with its generative AI search results by 80% over the past year.

He states:

“Our data centers are some of the most high-performing, secure, reliable and efficient in the world. We’ve developed new AI models and algorithms that are more than one hundred times more efficient than they were 18 months ago.

How Will Google Make Money With AI?

Alphabet sees opportunities to monetize AI through its advertising products, Cloud offerings, and subscription services.

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Google is integrating Gemini into ad products like Performance Max. The company’s Cloud division is bringing “the best of Google AI” to enterprise customers worldwide.

Google One, the company’s subscription service, surpassed 100 million paid subscribers in Q1 and introduced a new premium plan featuring advanced generative AI capabilities powered by Gemini models.

Future Outlook

Pichai outlined six key advantages positioning Alphabet to lead the “next wave of AI innovation”:

  1. Research leadership in AI breakthroughs like the multimodal Gemini model
  2. Robust AI infrastructure and custom TPU chips
  3. Integrating generative AI into Search to enhance the user experience
  4. A global product footprint reaching billions
  5. Streamlined teams and improved execution velocity
  6. Multiple revenue streams to monetize AI through advertising and cloud

With upcoming events like Google I/O and Google Marketing Live, the company is expected to share further updates on its AI initiatives and product roadmap.


Featured Image: Sergei Elagin/Shutterstock

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brightonSEO Live Blog

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brightonSEO Live Blog

Hello everyone. It’s April again, so I’m back in Brighton for another two days of sun, sea, and SEO!

Being the introvert I am, my idea of fun isn’t hanging around our booth all day explaining we’ve run out of t-shirts (seriously, you need to be fast if you want swag!). So I decided to do something useful and live-blog the event instead.

Follow below for talk takeaways and (very) mildly humorous commentary. 

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Google Further Postpones Third-Party Cookie Deprecation In Chrome

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Close-up of a document with a grid and a red stamp that reads "delayed" over the word "status" due to Chrome's deprecation of third-party cookies.

Google has again delayed its plan to phase out third-party cookies in the Chrome web browser. The latest postponement comes after ongoing challenges in reconciling feedback from industry stakeholders and regulators.

The announcement was made in Google and the UK’s Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) joint quarterly report on the Privacy Sandbox initiative, scheduled for release on April 26.

Chrome’s Third-Party Cookie Phaseout Pushed To 2025

Google states it “will not complete third-party cookie deprecation during the second half of Q4” this year as planned.

Instead, the tech giant aims to begin deprecating third-party cookies in Chrome “starting early next year,” assuming an agreement can be reached with the CMA and the UK’s Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO).

The statement reads:

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“We recognize that there are ongoing challenges related to reconciling divergent feedback from the industry, regulators and developers, and will continue to engage closely with the entire ecosystem. It’s also critical that the CMA has sufficient time to review all evidence, including results from industry tests, which the CMA has asked market participants to provide by the end of June.”

Continued Engagement With Regulators

Google reiterated its commitment to “engaging closely with the CMA and ICO” throughout the process and hopes to conclude discussions this year.

This marks the third delay to Google’s plan to deprecate third-party cookies, initially aiming for a Q3 2023 phaseout before pushing it back to late 2024.

The postponements reflect the challenges in transitioning away from cross-site user tracking while balancing privacy and advertiser interests.

Transition Period & Impact

In January, Chrome began restricting third-party cookie access for 1% of users globally. This percentage was expected to gradually increase until 100% of users were covered by Q3 2024.

However, the latest delay gives websites and services more time to migrate away from third-party cookie dependencies through Google’s limited “deprecation trials” program.

The trials offer temporary cookie access extensions until December 27, 2024, for non-advertising use cases that can demonstrate direct user impact and functional breakage.

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While easing the transition, the trials have strict eligibility rules. Advertising-related services are ineligible, and origins matching known ad-related domains are rejected.

Google states the program aims to address functional issues rather than relieve general data collection inconveniences.

Publisher & Advertiser Implications

The repeated delays highlight the potential disruption for digital publishers and advertisers relying on third-party cookie tracking.

Industry groups have raised concerns that restricting cross-site tracking could push websites toward more opaque privacy-invasive practices.

However, privacy advocates view the phaseout as crucial in preventing covert user profiling across the web.

With the latest postponement, all parties have more time to prepare for the eventual loss of third-party cookies and adopt Google’s proposed Privacy Sandbox APIs as replacements.

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Featured Image: Novikov Aleksey/Shutterstock

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